8.3 Study Guide

Question 1

Definition of Transcription

Answer 1

The making of RNA from DNA code

Question 2

Definition of Central Dogma

Answer 2

From gene to protein

Question 3

RNA base pairings

Answer 3

ACGU

Question 4

Role of Enhancer

Answer 4

Binding site for transcription factors/switch; controls if/how much RNA is made from a gene

Question 5

Role of Promoter

Answer 5

Starting site for transcription; signals transcription factors and then RNA polymerase attach.

Question 6

Role of Exon

Answer 6

Sequences that will be present in the mRNA

Question 7

Role of Introns

Answer 7

Will be spliced out and removed

Question 8

Similarities between DNA and RNA

Answer 8

-Contains a phosphate group
-Contains a nitrogenous base
-Contains a sugar bond

Question 9

Differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 9

-Contains different nitrogenous bases
-Contains different sugar bases
-Different strand structure
-Different purposes

Question 10

Initiation

Answer 10

Transcription factors bind to promoter/enhancer regions, attract and prepare RNA polymerase to begin copying gene sequence into mRNA

Question 11

Elongation

Answer 11

RNA polymerase free transcription factors and adds a protective 5’ cap to RNA. Other proteins are recruited that splice out Introns as RNA polymerase copies DNA

Question 12

Termination

Answer 12

At the polyadenylation site, the termination sequence is recognized and cut. A polyA tail added to the end of the new RNA molecule. The longer the tail, the longer the mRNA will be in cytoplasm and the more protein can be made from it.