Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is psychology?

A

the scientific study of behaviour and the mind.

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2
Q

what are the two types of psychology? describe them

A
  • behaviour: observable actions and responses
  • mind: internal states and processes (not directly observable)
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3
Q

who were the Greek philosophers who founded the drive to understand the human psyche?

A

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

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4
Q

the Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato, Aristotle all debated ________ vs. ________

A

nativism vs. empiricism

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5
Q

the concepts, mental capacities, and mental structures are innate rather than by acquired learning is:

A

nativism

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6
Q

the idea that all learning comes only from experiences and observation is:

A

empiricism

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7
Q

who came up with the concept of mind-body dualism?

A

Rene Descartes

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8
Q

the belief that the soul and the body are separate is:

A

mind-body dualism

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9
Q

the belief that the mind, and body are one is:

A

monism

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10
Q

true or false: under monism, the mind can be studied by measuring physical processes

A

true

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11
Q

who is Wilhem Wundt?

A

the father of psychology

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12
Q

Wundt and Titchener came up with the concept of ____________ which studies the mind in terms of its basic elements

A

structuralism

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13
Q

what does “introspection” mean? where is it used?

A

to “look within”, used in structuralism

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14
Q

William James came up with ___________ which studies the purpose of consciousness

A

functionalism

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15
Q

true or false: functionalism arose independently of structuralism

A

false

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16
Q

which two areas of psychology did functionalism give way to?

A

cognitive and evolutionary psychology

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17
Q

John B. Watson came up with ______________ which emphasizes the idea that behaviour should be studied through observation

A

behaviourism

18
Q

Sigmund Freud came up with the concept of _____________ which focused on the unconscious mind

A

psychoanalysis

19
Q

what is psychoanalytic theory?

A

a person’s behaviour can be explained based on their unconscious desires

20
Q

B. F. Skinner led a movement of _____________ which focused on the idea that studying the human mind would not explain human behaviour

A

radical behaviourism

21
Q

the idea that you can change someone’s behaviour based on outside forces is:

A

behaviour modification

22
Q

the humanistic perspective emphasizes:

A

free will, personal growth, and finding meaning in life

23
Q

who came up with the humanistic perspective?

A

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

24
Q

under the humanistic perspective, ____________ and ____________ are not personal enough to understand what is really happening within someone

A

behaviourism, psychoanalytic theory

25
Q

which perspective studies the nature of the mind and how mental processes influence behaviour?

A

cognitive perspective

26
Q

the type of psychology that looks into how the mind organizes elements of experience into a whole perception is:

A

gestalt psychology

27
Q

what was the cognitive revolution?

A

a period of growing interest in mental processes

28
Q

the type of psychology that focuses on the study of mental processes is:

A

cognitive psychology

29
Q

what sub section of the cognitive perspective uses electrical recordings and brain-imaging techniques to study brain activity?

A

cognitive neuroscience

30
Q

what is the sociocultural perspective?

A

examines how the social environment and cultural learning influence our behaviour, thoughts, and feelings

31
Q

The part of the sociocultural perspective that studies how the presence of other people influences our behaviour is:

A

the social psychological component

32
Q

the three key parts of the social psychological component (sociocultural perspective) are:

A

1) physical presence
2) implied presence
3) imagined presence

33
Q

the values beliefs, behaviours, and traditions that are shared and passed on is:

A

culture

34
Q

the (often unwritten) rules of behaviour are:

A

norms

35
Q

what part of psychology examines transmission of culture, psychological similarities, and differences among people from diverse backgrounds

A

cultural psychology

36
Q

what is the biological perspective?

A

examines how brain processes and other bodily functions regulate behaviour

37
Q

brain processes and other physiological functions that underlie what we perceive, feel, think, and do is:

A

behavioural neuroscience

38
Q

the study of how behavioural tendencies are influenced by genetic factors is:

A

behaviour genetics

39
Q

seeks to explain how evolution shaped modern human behaviour:

A

evolutionary psychology

40
Q

the idea that complex social behaviours are built into the human species as a product of our evolution is:

A

sociobiology