Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology

Question 1

what is psychology?

Answer 1

the scientific study of behaviour and the mind.

Question 2

what are the two types of psychology? describe them

Answer 2

• behaviour: observable actions and responses
• mind: internal states and processes (not directly observable)

Question 3

who were the Greek philosophers who founded the drive to understand the human psyche?

Answer 3

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Question 4

the Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato, Aristotle all debated ________ vs. ________

Answer 4

nativism vs. empiricism

Question 5

the concepts, mental capacities, and mental structures are innate rather than by acquired learning is:

Answer 5

nativism

Question 6

the idea that all learning comes only from experiences and observation is:

Answer 6

empiricism

Question 7

who came up with the concept of mind-body dualism?

Answer 7

Rene Descartes

Question 8

the belief that the soul and the body are separate is:

Answer 8

mind-body dualism

Question 9

the belief that the mind, and body are one is:

Answer 9

monism

Question 10

true or false: under monism, the mind can be studied by measuring physical processes

Answer 10

true

Question 11

who is Wilhem Wundt?

Answer 11

the father of psychology

Question 12

Wundt and Titchener came up with the concept of ____________ which studies the mind in terms of its basic elements

Answer 12

structuralism

Question 13

what does “introspection” mean? where is it used?

Answer 13

to “look within”, used in structuralism

Question 14

William James came up with ___________ which studies the purpose of consciousness

Answer 14

functionalism

Question 15

true or false: functionalism arose independently of structuralism

Answer 15

false

Question 16

which two areas of psychology did functionalism give way to?

Answer 16

cognitive and evolutionary psychology

Question 17

John B. Watson came up with ______________ which emphasizes the idea that behaviour should be studied through observation

Answer 17

behaviourism

Question 18

Sigmund Freud came up with the concept of _____________ which focused on the unconscious mind

Answer 18

psychoanalysis

Question 19

what is psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 19

a person’s behaviour can be explained based on their unconscious desires

Question 20

B. F. Skinner led a movement of _____________ which focused on the idea that studying the human mind would not explain human behaviour

Answer 20

radical behaviourism

Question 21

the idea that you can change someone’s behaviour based on outside forces is:

Answer 21

behaviour modification

Question 22

the humanistic perspective emphasizes:

Answer 22

free will, personal growth, and finding meaning in life

Question 23

who came up with the humanistic perspective?

Answer 23

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Question 24

under the humanistic perspective, ____________ and ____________ are not personal enough to understand what is really happening within someone

Answer 24

behaviourism, psychoanalytic theory

Question 25

which perspective studies the nature of the mind and how mental processes influence behaviour?

Answer 25

cognitive perspective

Question 26

the type of psychology that looks into how the mind organizes elements of experience into a whole perception is:

Answer 26

gestalt psychology

Question 27

what was the cognitive revolution?

Answer 27

a period of growing interest in mental processes

Question 28

the type of psychology that focuses on the study of mental processes is:

Answer 28

cognitive psychology

Question 29

what sub section of the cognitive perspective uses electrical recordings and brain-imaging techniques to study brain activity?

Answer 29

cognitive neuroscience

Question 30

what is the sociocultural perspective?

Answer 30

examines how the social environment and cultural learning influence our behaviour, thoughts, and feelings

Question 31

The part of the sociocultural perspective that studies how the presence of other people influences our behaviour is:

Answer 31

the social psychological component

Question 32

the three key parts of the social psychological component (sociocultural perspective) are:

Answer 32

1) physical presence 2) implied presence 3) imagined presence

Question 33

the values beliefs, behaviours, and traditions that are shared and passed on is:

Answer 33

culture

Question 34

the (often unwritten) rules of behaviour are:

Answer 34

norms

Question 35

what part of psychology examines transmission of culture, psychological similarities, and differences among people from diverse backgrounds

Answer 35

cultural psychology

Question 36

what is the biological perspective?

Answer 36

examines how brain processes and other bodily functions regulate behaviour

Question 37

brain processes and other physiological functions that underlie what we perceive, feel, think, and do is:

Answer 37

behavioural neuroscience

Question 38

the study of how behavioural tendencies are influenced by genetic factors is:

Answer 38

behaviour genetics

Question 39

seeks to explain how evolution shaped modern human behaviour:

Answer 39

evolutionary psychology

Question 40

the idea that complex social behaviours are built into the human species as a product of our evolution is:

Answer 40

sociobiology