Chapter 9 - Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
what is motivation?
a process that influences goal-directed behaviour
what is the instinct theory based on?
Darwin’s theory of evolution
an inherited predisposition to behave a certain way in response to certain stimuli is:
instinct
why is instinct theory not widely accepted?
circular reasoning
the modern evolutionary psychology view is a part of:
instinct theory 2.0
internal physiological equilibrium that the body strives to maintain is:
homeostasis theory
what are the four main steps to homeostasis theory?
1) sensors
2) control centre
3) response system
4) internal state
physiological disruptions to homeostasis produce __________. this is a part of ___________.
drives, drive theory
drives motivate behaviours to reduce __________
internal tension
homeostasis theory is applied to:
thirst, hunger, body temperature, weight, sleep, etc.
drive theory is less influential today because:
people behave contrary to its predictions
something that motivates or encourages an organism to do something is:
incentive (theory)
incentive provides a _______ toward a goal
pull
stimuli have a(n) _________ value
incentive
incentive theory is applied to understanding:
drug abuse
incentive theories are akin to __________ conditioning; where expectancy theories are akin to __________ conditioning.
classical, operant
under the expectancy theory, goal directed behaviours are driven by:
- strength of the expectation
- value that a person places on a goal
what are the two types of motivation:
- intrinsic motivation
- extrinsic motivation
performing an activity for its own sake is:
intrinsic motivation
performing an activity to obtain an external reward or to avoid punishment is:
extrinsic motivation
Freud proposed that most behaviour came from unconscious impulses and psychological defences, where conflict produces energy that needs to be released. this is:
the psychodynamic theory
under the psychodynamic theory, our strongest drives are:
sex and aggression
under the humanistic theory, there are two categories of needs, what are they?
- deficiency needs
- growth needs
needs concerned with physical and social survival are:
deficiency needs
needs that push us to develop our potential, and that are unique to humans, are:
growth needs
the end goal of the humanistic theory is:
self-actualization
deficiency and growth needs are arranged in a:
hierarchy
what are some issues with the hierarchy of needs?
- self actualization is a vague goal
- does not explain behaviours that go against the ranking of needs (ex: dieting)
what are the three key components of the self-determination theory?
- competence
- autonomy
- relatedness
hunger is a basic biological ________
drive
when feeling hungry, biology provides a __________, while expectation of a flavour provides a __________
push, pull
- decline of blood glucose levels over time
- liver converts stored nutrients into glucose
- causes blood glucose levels to rise
this cycle of increase and decrease in blood glucose levels are signals that:
start a meal
the peptide that is secreted by the stomach and small intestine, and is responsible for signalling hunger is:
ghrelin
the hormone secreted by fat cells that signals the brain to decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure is:
leptin
mice with an ob gene mutation lack:
leptin
structures in hypothalamus play a role in regulating:
hunger, thirst, sexual arousal, body temperature
eating is __________ reinforced by good tastes
positively
eating is ____________ reinforced by hunger reduction
negatively
the viewing of human bodies as objects is:
objectification theory
genes influence ______________ and tendency to store energy as fat or lean tissue
basal metabolism