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PSYC2360 > 5: CORTEX > Flashcards

5: CORTEX Flashcards

1
Q

convolutions or bumps of cerebral hemispheres separated by SULCI/FISSURES

A

GYRI

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2
Q

groove in surface of cerebral hemispheres (smaller than FISSURE)

A

SULCI

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3
Q

very deep SULCUS

A

FISSURE

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4
Q

Function of SULCI + GYRI

A

TO MAXIMIZE SURFACE AREA OF BRAIN (TRIPLES THE AREA)

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5
Q

Degree of cortical folding = correlated w ___

A

INTELLIGENCE

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6
Q
  • larger representations of HANDS
  • neocortical specializations for speech
  • extreme hemispheric specialization
  • expanded prefrontal cortex
A

SPECIALIZATIONS OF HUMAN BRAIN

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7
Q

brain matter made up of NON-MYELINATED cells that have a layered appearance in cross section

A

GREY MATTER

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8
Q

sulcus that vertically divides FRONTAL/PARIETAL LOBES

A

CENTRAL (ROLANDIC) SULCUS

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9
Q

fissure that horizontally divides TEMPORAL LOBE from FRONTAL + PARIETAL LOBES

A

LATERAL (SYLVIAN) FISSURE

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10
Q

longass fissure that divides 2 hemispheres

A

LONTIUDINAL (INTERHEMISPHERIC) FISSURE

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11
Q

thick band of nerve fibres that connects L+R hemispheres

A

CORPUS CALLOSUM

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12
Q

cytoarchitectonically defined regions of the brain that are colour-coded + assigned numbers

A

BRODMAN’S AREAS OF THE BRAIN

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13
Q

cellular organizations that differ across regions of brain

A

CYTOARCHITECTONICS

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14
Q

practice of mapping functions onto specific regions of brain

A

CORTICAL TOPOGRAPHY

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15
Q

What did Highlings Jackson do?

A

Discovered the JACKSONIAN MARCH: that specific body parts = involved in epileptic seizures + proposed HOMUNCULUS

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16
Q

map of cortical areas that shows a disproportionate amt of cortical area devoted to mvmts of fingers/muscles used for speech

A

HOMUNCULUS

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17
Q

strip of brain in FRONT of CENTRAL SULCUS that contains neurons that control skeletal muscle MVMT

A

PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX/STRIP

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18
Q

strip of brain BEHIND CENTRAL SULCUS that gets primary input from SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM + is involved in SOMATIC SENSATION (pain/touch)

A

PRIMARY SENSORY CORTEX/STRIP

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19
Q

Which body parts get MORE CORTEX area than other regions bc there are more FINE MOTOR CONTROL/TOUCH RECEPTORS in those areas?

A

HANDS + FACE

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20
Q

Which LOBE contains PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX

A

OCCIPITAL

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21
Q

Which LOBE contains PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX

A

TEMPORAL

22
Q

Which LOBE contains PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX

A

PARIETAL

23
Q

regions of cerebral cortex that receive info from regions of PRIMARY SENSORY CORTEX

A

SENSORY ASSOCIATION CORTEX

24
Q

region of frontal lobe in FRONT of PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX

A

MOTOR ASSOCIATE CORTEX (PREMOTOR CORTEX)

25
Q

sulcus that divides PARIETAL/OCCIPITAL LOBES

A

PARIETAL-OCCIPITAL SULCUS

26
Q

region of posterior OCCIP LOBE whose primary input = from visual system

A

PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX

27
Q

fissure in OCCIP LOBE that separates UPPER + LOWER BANKS which contain PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX

A

CALCARINE FISSURE

28
Q

OCCIP LOBE BANK that contains LOWER visual field

A

UPPER BANK (CUNEUS)

29
Q

OPPIC LOBE BANK that contains UPPER visual field

A

LOWER BANK (LINGUAL GYRUS)

30
Q

mapping of the visual field onto VISUAL CORTEX

A

RETINOTOPY

31
Q

3 VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS

A
  1. SCOTOMA
  2. QUADRANTOPIA
  3. HEMIANOPIA
32
Q

blind spot/partial loss of vision caused by small lesion in brain

A

SCOTOMA

33
Q

condition where entire quadrant of visual field = blind caused by bigger lesion in brain

A

QUADRANTOPIA

34
Q

condition where entire side of visual field = blind caused by rlly big lesion in brain

A

HEMIANOPIA

35
Q

cortical area that integrates sensory info from multiple modalities + is responsible for GOAL DIRECTED ACTIONS

A

PARIETAL ASSOCIATION CORTEX

36
Q

2 TYPES OF SUPERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX DAMAGE

A
  1. OPTIC ATAXIA
  2. BALINT’S SYNDROME
37
Q

inability to accurately point/reach for objects

A

OPTIC ATAXIA

38
Q

2 TYPES OF INFERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX DAMAGE

A
  1. APRAXIA (LEFT)
  2. HEMISPATIAL NEGLECT (RIGHT)
39
Q

difficulty coordinating hang mvmts

A

APRAXIA

40
Q

damage to RIGHT PARIETAL LOBE that often results in failure to attend to/represent info appearing on LEFT SIDE of space despite intact sensory processing/visual acuity

A

HEMISPATIAL NEGLECT

41
Q

area on PARIETAL LOBE concerned w conscious perception of touch/pain/pressure/temp/position/ mvmt/vibration

A

SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX

42
Q

area of cortex responsible for:
- auditory processing
- language (WERNICKE’S AREA)
- object/facial recognition (AGNOSIA/PROSOPAGNOSIA)
- memory
- emotional processing (LIMBIC SYSTEM)

A

TEMPORAL CORTEX

43
Q

region of superior TEMPORAL LOBE whose primary input = from AUDITORY SYSTEM

A

PRIMARY AUDIOTRY CORTEX

44
Q

sunken region of cerebral cortex that = normally covered by TEMPORAL/FRONTAL LOBES

A

INSULAR CORTEX

45
Q

area of cortex responsible for:
- executive control
- planning + guiding bhvr/judgement

A

FRONTAL CORTEX

46
Q

region of FRONTAL LOBE in front of MOTOR ASSOC/PREMOTOR CORTEX that = less involved in mvmt + more involved in PLANNING/STRATEGIZING

A

PREFRONTAL CORTEX

47
Q

man injured by tamping iron going thru his skull which affected FRONTAL LOBES

A

PHINEAS GAGE

48
Q
  • became socially inappropriate
  • had difficulty maintaining job
  • eventually become sideshow attraction in circus
A

RESULTS OF PHINEAS GAGE INCIDENT

49
Q

How many CORTICAL LAYERS are there?

A

6

50
Q

What are the 3 main factors that differentiate the CORTICAL LAYERS from each other?

A
  1. cell size
  2. cell shape
  3. layer thickness

PSYC2360 (17 decks)

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