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PSYC2360 > 15: SEX > Flashcards

15: SEX Flashcards

1
Q

set of bio attributes in humans/animals

A

SEX

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2
Q

socially constructed roles/hbvrs/expressions/identities of girls/women/boys/men/gender diverse ppl

A

GENDER

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3
Q

single gene on Y CHROM that produces TESTIS (causes formation of testicles)

A

SRY (SEX-DETERMINING REGION) Y

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4
Q

2 DIFF EFFECTS OF HORMONES

A
  1. ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTS
  2. ACTIVATION EFFECTS
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5
Q

effect of a hormone on tissue DIFFERENTIATION + DEVMT

A

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTS

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6
Q

effect of a hormone that occurs in FULLY DEVELOPED ORGANISM

A

ACTIVATIONAL EFFECTS

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7
Q

TESTOSTERONE stimulates ___

A

DIFFERENTIATION

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8
Q

bio system involving embryonic precursors to FEMALE sex organs

A

MULLERIAN SYSTEM

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9
Q

bio system involving embryonic precursors to MALE sex organs

A

WOLFFIAN SYSTEM

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10
Q

2 TYPES OF HORMONES SECRETED BY TESTES

A
  1. ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE
  2. ANDROGENS
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11
Q

peptide (hormone) secreted by fetal TESTES that INIHIBITS devmt of MULLERIAN SYSTEM which would otherwise become female sex organs

A

ANTI-MULLERIAN SYSTEM

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12
Q

effect of ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE present in early devmt that REDUCES/PREVENTS later devmt of FEMALE anatomical/bhvrl characteristics

A

DEFEMINIZING EFFECT

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13
Q

hormone that stimulate devmt of WOLFFIAN SYSTEM

A

ANDROGENS

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14
Q

effect of ANDROGENS present in early devmt that PROMOTES later devmt of MALE anatomical/bhvrl characteristics

A

MASCULINIZING EFFECT

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15
Q

absence of ___ leads to devmt of FEMALE organs

A

ANDROGENS

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16
Q

2 DIFF ANDRGOENS RESPONSIBLE FOR MASCULINIZATION

A
  1. TESTOSTERONE
  2. DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE
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17
Q

principal ANDROGEN found in males

A

TESTOSTERONE

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18
Q

ANDROGEN produced from testosterone thru action of enzyme 5a reductase

A

DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE

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19
Q

GENETIC DISORDER:
- XY FEMALE
- insensitive to ANDROGENS

A

ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME

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20
Q

genetic mutation that prevents formation of function ANDROGEN receptors (located on X chromosome)

A

CAUSE OF ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME

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21
Q
  • ANDROGENS have NO MASCULINIZING EFFECT
  • male sex organs do NOT develop
  • ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE still has DEFEMINIZING EFFECT
  • female internal sex organs do NOT develop + vag = shallow
A

EFFECTS OF ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY DISORDER

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22
Q

GENETIC DISORDER:
- ppl who develop BOTH male + female sex organs
- genetic MALES

A

PERSISTENT MULLERIAN DUCT SYNDROME

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23
Q

failure to produce ANTI MULLERIAN HORMONE/receptors for it

A

CAUSE OF PERSISTENT MULLERIAN DUCT SYNDROME

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24
Q

GENETIC DISORDER:
- exposure of female fetus to ANDROGENS
- genetic FEMALES

A

CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA (CAH)

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25
Q
  • enlarged clit
  • fused labia
  • boyish bhvr
A

EFFECTS OF CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA (CAH)

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26
Q

GENETIC DISORDER:
- presence of only 1 sex chromosome in humans (X chromosome)
- X0 FEMALE

A

TURNER SYNDROME

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27
Q

MONOSOMY (lack of Y chromosome = no genetic info carried from sperm of father)

A

CAUSE OF TURNER SYNDROME

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28
Q
  • testes/ovaries do NOT develop
  • bio devmt = FEMALE (internal/external female sex fts)
  • infertility
  • short stature/webbed neck
A

EFFECTS OF TURNER SYNDROME

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29
Q

GENETIC DISORDER:
- XXY MALES

A

KLINEFELTER SYBDROME

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30
Q

TRISOMY (extra X chrom)

A

CAUSE OF KLINEFELTER SYNDROME

31
Q
  • testes do NOT develop as normal (remain smol)
  • infertility
A

EFFECTS OF KLINEFELTER SYNDROME

32
Q

GENETIC DISORDER:
- SUPER MALE
- XYY MALE

A

XYY

33
Q

TRISOMY (extra Y chrom)

A

CAUSE OF XYY

34
Q
  • more physically active as children
  • delayed emotional maturity
  • sexual devmt = normal
A

EFFECTS OF XYY

35
Q

GENETIC DISORDER:
- SUPER FEMALES
- XXX FEMALE

A

XXX

36
Q

TRISOMY (extra X chrom)

A

CAUSE OF XXX

37
Q
  • quiet/passive as infants
  • delayed devmt in motor function/speech/maturation
  • normal physical/sexual devmt
  • normal-slightly diminished fertility
A

EFFECTS OF XXX

38
Q

hypothalamic hormone that stimulates pITUITARY GLAND to secrete GONADOTROPIC HORMONE

A

GONADOTROPIC-RELEASING HORMONES (GnRH)

39
Q

hormone of PITUITARY GLAND that has STIMULATING effect on cells of GONADS

A

GONADOTROPIC HORMONES

40
Q
  1. FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)
  2. LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)
A

2 TYPES OF GONADOTROPIC HORMONES

41
Q

fancy term for ovaries/testes

A

GONADS

42
Q

principle ESTROGEN of humans

A

ESTRADIOL

43
Q

sex hormones that cause maturation of FEMALE genitalia

A

ESTROGEN

44
Q

principal ANDROGEN found in males

A

TESOSTERONE

45
Q

sex hormones that cause maturation of MALE genitalia

A

ANDROGEN

46
Q

reproduction by simple CELL DIVISION (used by unicellular organisms)

A

FISSION

47
Q

reproduction by MULTICELLULAR DUPLICATION (cloning)

A

PARTHENOGENESIS

48
Q

chemical released by one animal that affects bhvr/physiology of another animal (by smell/taste)

A

PHEROMONES

49
Q

sensory organ that detects PHEROMONES (esp when liquid = actively sniffed)

A

VOMERONASAL ORGAN (VNO)

50
Q

VOMERONASAL ORGAN = connected to nasal passage + projects to ___

A

ACCESSORY OLFACOTRY BULB

51
Q

neural structure located in main OLFACTORY BULB that receives info from VOMERONASAL ORGAN

A

ACCESSORY OLFACTORY BULB

52
Q
  1. ACCESSORY OLFACTORY BULB
  2. MEDIAL NUCLEUS OF AMYGDALA
  3. PREOPTIC AREA
  4. VENTROMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMUS
A

STEPS OF VOMERONASAL SYSTEM

53
Q

set of genes that code for proteins involved in IMMUNE SYSTEM

A

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY (MHC) COMPLEX

54
Q

it’s better to reproduce w indivs whose MHC COMPLEX = ___ to your own

A

DIFFERENT

55
Q

female mice prefer smell of male mouse urine that comes from males w ___ kind of MHC

A

dIFFERENT

56
Q

hormone produced by ovary that maintains ENDROMETRIAL LINING OF UTERUS during later part of menstrual cycle + during pregnancy

A

PROGESTERONE

57
Q

in mice/women on birth control: MHC odour preference switches during ____

A

PREGNANCY

58
Q

to distribute sex cells as WIDELY as possible

A

OPTIMAL MATING STRATEGY FOR MALES

59
Q

select HIGHEST QUALITY males available

A

OPTIMAL MATING STRATEGY FOR FEMALES

60
Q
  1. SEXUAL ATTRACTION
  2. APPETITIVE BHVR
  3. COPULATION
  4. POST-COPULATORY BHVR
A

4 STAGES OF SEXUAL BHVR

61
Q

bhvrs that establish/maintain/promote sexual intereaction

A

APPETITIVE BHVRS

62
Q

most common APPETITIVE BHVR in males

A

MAINTAINING PROXIMITY

63
Q

female’s interest in COPULATION by seeking out a male/engaging in bhvrs that tend to INCr his sexual interest

A

PRORECEPTIVITY

64
Q

female’s ability/willingness to COPULATE by displaying LORDOSIS (arched back position) when a male attempts to mount her

A

RECEPTIVITY

65
Q

mating system in which males mate w MORE THAN ONE female + females mate w MORE THAN ONE male

A

PROMISCUITY

66
Q

mating system in which ONE male mates w GROUP of females in LONG-STANDING relationship

A

POLYGAMY

67
Q

mating system in which ONE female mates w GROUP of males in LONG-STANDING relationship

A

POLYANDRY

68
Q

mating system in which ONE female mates w ONE male in long-standing relationship

A

MONOGAMY

69
Q

term that refers to diffs btwn males/females

A

SEXUAL DIMORPHISM

70
Q

greater degree of myelination in males

A

LONGITUDINAL FASICULI

71
Q

forebrain region most critical for MALE sexual bhvr

A

MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA (MPA)

72
Q

stimulation of MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA INCR male ___ bhvr + damage ABOLISHES it

A

COPULATORY

73
Q

nucleus in PREOPTIC AREA that = LARGER in males than females + plays a role in MALE sex bhvr

A

SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC NUCLEUS (SDN)

74
Q

large nucleus of HYPOTHALAMUS that plays role in FEMALE sex bhvr

A

VENTROMEDIAL NUCLEUS OF HYPOTHALAMUS (VMH)

PSYC2360 (17 decks)

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