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PSYC2360 > 8: NEUROIMAGING > Flashcards

8: NEUROIMAGING Flashcards

1
Q
  1. CT
  2. MRI
  3. ANGIOGRAM
A

3 STRUCTURAL/ANATOMICAL NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES

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2
Q
  1. ELECTRICAL (EEG)
  2. METABOLICAL (PET + BOLD fMRI)
A

2 TYPES OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES

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3
Q

neuroimaging technique in which a device that uses a computer to analyze data obtained by passing XRAYS thru head at diff angles to produce a 2D pic of a “slice” of the brain

A

COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CT)

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4
Q

to find the location of lesion in living brain

A

GOAL OF CT SCAN/MRI

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5
Q
  • bad spatial resolution
  • lesions take long to show up on CT
A

CONS OF CT

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6
Q

neuroimaging technique that involves interactions btwn RADIO WAVES + strong MAGNETIC FIELD to show a “slice” of the brain

A

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

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7
Q
  • good spatial resolution
  • immediate imaging of lesions
A

PROS OF MRI

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8
Q

neuroimaging technique that measures structure of CEREBRAL BLOOD SUPPLY by injecting bloodstream w contrast agent that makes blood black

A

ANGIOGRAM

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9
Q

to image ANEURYSMS + other vast defects (ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION)

A

GOAL OF ANGIOGRAM

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10
Q

abnormal bulge in blood vessel wall that can lead to a brain bleed which can impair/kill smn

A

ANEURYSM

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11
Q

knotting of blood supply

A

ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS (AFV)

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12
Q
  • HYDROGEN PROTONS = most readily avail atoms in human body
  • IN FREE SPACE: H atoms spin in all diff directions
  • IN MAGNETIC FIELD (MRI): H atoms = aligned according to magnetic field (net magnetization)
  • RADIO FREQ (RF) PULSE provides lil boost of energy to push protons out of alignment w magnetic field
A

What happens during an MRI?

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13
Q
  • protons process around MAIN MAGNETIC AXIS like a spinning top + frequency of procession around axis depends on STRENGTH OF MAGNET
  • RF PULSE = used to push protons OUT of alignment
  • protons flip back to OG position at end of RF PULSE
A

HYDROGEN PROTONS SPINNING

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14
Q

neuroimaging technique in which electron cap = placed on scalp to record EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS (ERP) + VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS (VEP)

A

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG)

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15
Q

to diagnose EPILEPSY/SLEEPING DISORDERS

A

GOAL OF EEG

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16
Q

ADV OF EEG

A

useful for examining LARGE POPS of neurons

17
Q

special cases of EEG that give overall picture of large area of brain activity

A

EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS (ERP) + VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS (VEP)

18
Q
  • good temporal resolution (gives info in msecs)
  • good at linking specific physio markers to cog processes
A

ADVS OF ERP

19
Q
  • poor spatial resolution
  • difficult to get at some brain regions (temporal cortex/ventral regions)
A

CONS OF ERP

20
Q

2 TYPES OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES THAT MEASUE METABOLISM

A
  1. POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)
  2. BLOOD OXYGENATED LEVEL DEPENDENT (BOLD) fMRI
21
Q

functional neuroimaging technique that measures local changes in CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW (CBF) by using radioactive tracers that rapidly decay + emit positrons

A

POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) SCAN

22
Q

to measure neurochemicals in living human brain

A

GOAL OF PET SCAN

23
Q
  • can localize any radioactive substance taken up in human brain
  • can track multiple metabolic processes as long as emitted PHOTON can be detected (allows imaging of some NTs)
A

PROS OF PET SCAN

24
Q
  • cost
  • invasive (radioactive isotopes can only be administered every 4-5 years)
  • not as good temporal resolution
A

CONS OF PET SCAN

25
Q

functional neuroimaging technique that measures metabolism in brain by detecting changes in BLOOD OXYGEN LEVEL

A

BLOOD OXYGENATED LEVEL DEPENDENT (BOLD) fMRI

26
Q

to record metabolic activity of regions in brain

A

GOAL OF BOLD fMRI

27
Q
  • greater spatial resolution
  • greater temporal resolution (can detect activation of stimuli appearing for less than 1 sec)
  • measures regional metabolic acitvity of living/unanesthetized brain
A

PROS OF BOLD fMRI

28
Q
  1. person receives injection of radioactive traces
  2. person’s head = placed in machine similar to CT scanner
  3. when radioactive particles decay → they emit POSITRONS which meet nearby ELECTRONS
  4. particles COLLIDE w each other + emit 2 PHOTONS which go in OPPOSITE directions
  5. sensors around person’s head detect PHOTONS + scanner plots location of collision
A

STEPS OF PET SCAN

29
Q
  • run 2 conditions (STIMULATION w images vs CONTROL w blank screen)
  • measure diff in ACITVATION btwn 2 images (CONTROL - STIMULATION)
  • result = picture of REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW relative to visual stimulation
A

MEASURING PET ACITVITY USING SUBTRACTION

30
Q
  • very strong
  • 60K x Earth’s magnetic field
  • heavy objects can fly into magnet
A

attributes of fMRI magnet

31
Q

neuroimaging method that uses modified MRI scanner to reveal bundles of MYELINATED AXONS in living brain

A

DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING (DTI)

32
Q

to measure microscopic mvmt of WATER in brain which makes it possible to visualize LOCATION/ORIENTATION/DIRECTION of brain’s WHITE MATTER TRACTS

A

GOAL OF DTI

33
Q

neuroimaging method that applies magnetic pulse thru coil of wire to certain brain regions which either EXCITES/INTERFERES w functions of brain region stimulated

A

TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION (TMS)

34
Q
  • good temporal resolution
  • can presumably disrupt individual processes within a task
  • potential combo w other imaging techniques
A

PROS OF TMS

35
Q
  • poor spatial localization (stimulation = not v focused)
  • cant stimulate certain areas + can only stimulate cortical surface
  • distance effects (changed interactions due to stimulation)
    can induce SEIZURES
A

CONS OF TMS

PSYC2360 (17 decks)

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