13 INHERITANCE

Question 1

Shape of DNA

Answer 1

Double Helix

Question 2

Adenine pairing

Answer 2

Thymine

Question 3

Thymine pairing

Answer 3

Adenine

Question 4

Cytosine pairing

Answer 4

Guanine

Question 5

Guanine

Answer 5

Pairing

Question 6

Where are genes and chromosomes stored

Answer 6

Nucleus contains chromosomes on which genes are located

Question 7

What is a nucleotide

Answer 7

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate base, and nitrogenous base

Question 8

What is the genome

Answer 8

The entire DNA of an organism

Question 9

What is a gene

Answer 9

A section of a molecule of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Question 10

Shape of RNA

Answer 10

Single stranded

Question 11

Differences from DNA and RNA

Answer 11

• RNA is single stranded, wheras DNA is double strnaded
• DNA has deoxyribose sugar, wheras RNA has ribose sugar
• RNA has Uracil base, wheras DNA has thymine base

Question 12

Adenine pairing in RNA

Answer 12

Uracil

Question 13

Uracil pairing

Answer 13

Adenine

Question 14

mRNA meaning

Answer 14

Messenger RNA

Question 15

tRNA meaning

Answer 15

Transfer RNA

Question 16

Where is mRNA made

Answer 16

Nucleus

Question 17

Where is tRNA made

Answer 17

Cytoplasm

Question 18

What is a codon

Answer 18

A sequence of 3 bases

Question 19

Are chromosomes homologous or heterozygous

Answer 19

Homologous

Question 20

What is an allele

Answer 20

A different version of a gene, which codes for a different form of protein

Question 21

XX sex chromosomes meaning

Answer 21

Female

Question 22

XY sex chromosomes meaning

Answer 22

Male

Question 23

What is genetic variation

Answer 23

Organisms with different versions of genes to another individual - sexual reproduction, or mutation

Question 24

What is environmental variation

Answer 24

When the environment affects the characteristics of an organism

Question 25

What is a combination of environmental and genetic variation

Answer 25

When both genetic and environmental factors contribute to variation

Question 26

Define an allele

Answer 26

A version of a gene

Question 27

What does homozygous mean

Answer 27

Both chromosomes have the same allele - for offspring

Question 28

In terms of alleles and inheritance, what does a dominant trait need

Answer 28

Only one allele present to be expressed

Question 29

In terms of alleles and inheritance, what does a recessive trait need

Answer 29

Two alleles present to be expressed

Question 30

What does heterozygous mean

Answer 30

Both parents contain one of each allele

Question 31

What are most phenotypic features a result of

Answer 31

Polygenic inheritance

Question 32

What is a genotype

Answer 32

The combination of alleles

Question 33

What is a phenotype

Answer 33

What is physically expressed

Question 34

If two heterozygous parents have a faulty gene that is recessive, what is their offspring called if they have the gene as a phenotype

Answer 34

Homozygous resessive

Question 35

What is codominance

Answer 35

When both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism

Question 36

What pair of chromosomes determine the gender of offspring

Answer 36

23rd

Question 37

Describe Darwin's theory of natural selection

Answer 37

* Variation occurs due to mutations * Individuals with better speicialisations survive to reproduce * Pass on the advantageous alleles to the next generations * Offspring inherit advatageous characteristics * Less favorouble alleles become less common * Repeats for generations * Organisms with specialisations become different species