5 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES Flashcards
(51 cards)
1
Q
Unit for temperature (non-gas law)
A
Degree Celcius (‘C)
2
Q
Unit for temperature (gas law)
A
Kelvin (K)
3
Q
Unit for energy
A
Joule (J)
4
Q
Unit for mass
A
Kilogram (kg)
5
Q
Unit for density
A
Kilogram/metre ^3 (kg/m^3)
6
Q
Unit for distance
A
Metre (m)
7
Q
Unit for area
A
Metre ^2 (m^2)
8
Q
Unit for volume
A
Metre ^3 (m^3)
9
Q
Unit for speed
A
Metre/second (m/s)
10
Q
Unit for acceleration
A
Metre/second ^2 (m/s^2)
11
Q
Unit for force
A
Newton (N)
12
Q
Unit for pressure
A
Pascal (Pa)
13
Q
Unit for Specific Heat Capacity
A
Joules / Kilogram degree celsius (J/kg’C)
14
Q
Density equation
A
Density = Mass / Volume
15
Q
Density symbol equation
A
p = m / v
16
Q
Define density
A
The ammount of mass per unit volume
17
Q
How to find density of regular object
A
- Find mass - use mass blance (tare/zero) [in kg]
- Find volume - V = l x h x w, use ruler [in m]
- Density eqution
18
Q
How to find density of irregualr object
A
- Volume displacement - use eureka can
- Lower slowly until fully submerged
- Use measureing cylinder for displaced water
- Find mass - use mass balance (tare/zero) [in kg]
- Use density equation
19
Q
Pressure equation
A
Pressure = Force / Area
20
Q
Pressure symbol equation
A
p = F / A
21
Q
Pressure difference equation
A
Pressure difference = density x depth x gravitational field strength
22
Q
Pressure difference symbol equation
A
p = pgh
23
Q
Pressure difference symbol equation
A
p = pgh
24
Q
What can be said about pressure on a particle in a liquid or gas not in flow
A
Pressure rests and acts equally in all directions of the particle
25
Arrangement of a solid
* Regualr arrangement
* Tightly packed
* Strong forces between particles
* Vibrate about fixed positions
26
Arrangement of a liquid
* Irregular arrangement
* Tightly packed - take shape of container
* Quite strong forces between particles
* Can slide/flow over each other
27
Arrangement of a gas
* Random arrangemt
* Expand to fill space avaliable
* Weak forces between particles
* Free to move
28
How does heating particles increase the temperature or change their state
* There's a thermal energy transfer to substances upon heating
* Particles gain KE, move faster, and temperature increases
* Thermal energy transfer from heating to particles is sued to break bonds, and change state
29
Describe an investigation to find how temperature affects the change of state of Steraic acid
* Fill beaker with water, place on gause on tripod over bunsen on heatproof mat
* Place solid stearic acid in boiling tibe with thermometer and melt
* Remove and start stopwatch, taking regular temperature readings unitl it reaches 50c
* Plot a temperature-time graph
30
On a temperature-time graph, what does the sharp gradient at the start represent
* Cooling
* Large temperature difference between surroundings and stearic acid
* Steep gradient
31
On a temperature-time graph what does a flat line represent
* Change of state
* All thermal energy used to break bonds between particles
32
On a temperature-time graph, what does the shallow line represent
* Small temperature difference between stearic acid and surroundings
* Less steep gradient
33
Define specific heat capacity
The energy required to change the temperature of an object by one degree celcius, per kilogram of mass
34
Equation for change in thermal energy
Change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperatue
35
Symbol equation for change in thermal energy
xQ = mcxT
36
Describe an investigation to find the specific heat capacity of a metal block
* In burr holes of a metal block, place nad immersion heater and thermometer covered in lagging
* Connect immersion heater in circuit with power supply, ammeter (in series) and voltemeter (in parallel)
* Measure initial temperature with thermometer
* Start stopwatch and switch on power, measure current and voltage with ammeter and voltmeter
* After 7mins switch off power and measure final temperature
* IVt = mcxT
37
How does Brownian Motion show particles
* Tiny invisible air particles (invisible to the naked eye) collide with larger smoke particles
* Transfer some momentum to smoke
* Causes smoke particles to move randomly
38
How do particles exert pressure on a container
* Fast moving and randomly moving gas particles collide with sides, changing velocity which requires a force from the side on the gas particle
* Ft = xP, as gas particles change momentul, N3L states that gas will exert an equal and oppposite force on the side
* Pressure = Force / Area so gas exerts pressure on the side
39
How does temperature relate to the speed of molecules
As temperature increases, speed increases and KE is transferred to the molecules from thermal energy
40
How do fast moving particles increse pressure on a container
Faster moving particles cillide with force on wall, and more frequently, increasing pressure
41
What is the relationship between temperature in Kelivn of a gas molecule and the KE
Kelvin temp is proportional to the average KE of it's molecule
42
What is 0K in 'C
-273
43
How to covert K to 'C
-273
44
How to convert 'C to K
+273
45
Why is 0k known as abosloute zero
Partices have no energy, ans so stop moving
46
Volume Gas Law
P1V1 = P2V2
47
Temperature Gas Law
P1/T1 = P2/T2 - KELIVN
48
Temperature Gas Law
P1/T1 = P2/T2 - KELIVN
49
What must gas law equations have
Temperature in Kelvin
50
What must remain fixed for P1V1 = P2V2
Fixed mass, and temperature
51
What must remain fixed for P1/T1 = P2/P2
Fixed mass, and volume
