3 DIET + DIGESTION

Question 1

One function that carbohydrates, proteins and lipids all have in common

Answer 1

Fuel for respiration

Question 2

Function of carbohydrates

Answer 2

Fuel for respiration

Question 3

Function of proteins

Answer 3

Growth and repair of cells and tissues - fuel for respiration

Question 4

Function of proteins

Answer 4

Growth and repair of cells and tissues - fuel for respiration

Question 5

Function of lipids

Answer 5

Store of energy, fuel for respiration - thermal and electrical insulation

Question 6

3 food sources of carbohydrates

Answer 6

Bread, potatoes, rice

Question 7

3 food sources of proteins

Answer 7

meat, eggs, quinoa

Question 8

3 food sources of lipids

Answer 8

Butter, avacados, oil

Question 9

Function of iron

Answer 9

Forms part of haemoglobin for which binds to oxygen

Question 10

Function of calcium

Answer 10

Needed to form bones and teeth

Question 11

3 food sources for iron

Answer 11

spinach, liver and red meat

Question 12

3 food sources for calcium

Answer 12

milk + dairy, fish and fresh vegetables

Question 13

3 food sources for calcium

Answer 13

milk + dairy, fish and fresh vegetables

Question 14

Deficiency for iron

Answer 14

Anaemia

Question 15

Deficiency for calcium

Answer 15

Rickets

Question 16

Use of Vitamin A

Answer 16

Making chemical in the retina and protects surface of eye

Question 17

3 food source of Vitamin A

Answer 17

Fish liver oil, liver, carrots

Question 18

3 food source of Vitamin A

Answer 18

Butter, fish liver oil, liver, carrots

Question 19

Effect of deficiency of Vitamin A

Answer 19

Night blindness, and damaged cornea

Question 20

Effect of deficiency of Vitamin C

Answer 20

Scurvy

Question 21

Use of Vitamin C

Answer 21

Needed for cells and tissues to stick together

Question 22

Food source of Vitamin C

Answer 22

Fresh fruit and vegetables

Question 23

Use of vitamin D in body

Answer 23

Absorb calcium and phosphate ions from food

Question 24

Effect of deficiency of Vitamin D

Answer 24

Rickets, caused by weak bones

Question 25

Food source for Vitamin D

Answer 25

Dairy, oily fish

Question 26

Why is water essential in the diet

Answer 26

Solvent used to transport components of blood, and for temperature regulation (sweating)

Question 27

Why is dietary fibre essential in diet

Answer 27

Cannot digest cellulose, helps movement of food through intestine, prevents constipation and bowel cancer

Question 28

Foods with good dietary fibre value

Answer 28

Fruit, vegetables and grains like oats

Question 29

What glands secrete amalayse

Answer 29

Salivary glands through saliva, and pancreas

Question 30

Lipid digestive route

Answer 30

Lipid - Lipase - glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 31

Proteins digestive route

Answer 31

protein - pepsin/trypsin - peptides - peptidase - amino acids

Question 32

Carbohydrates digestive route

Answer 32

Starch - amylase - maltose - maltase - glucose

Question 33

What determines how much energy you need in a day

Answer 33

Activity levels, age and pregnancy

Question 34

Define digestion

Answer 34

Breaking down large insoluble molecules of food into small, soluble molecules

Question 35

Define assimilation

Answer 35

Building large biological molecules from small soluble molecules

Question 36

Where does ingestion occur

Answer 36

Mouth

Question 37

How does mechanical digestion occur in the mouth

Answer 37

Chewing - increases the surface area for enzymes and eases swallowing

Question 38

How does chemical digestion occur in the mouth

Answer 38

Saliva containing amylase in released and also aids swallowing

Question 39

Amylase optimum pH

Answer 39

7

Question 40

What happens when amylase enters the stomach

Answer 40

It becomes denatured

Question 41

What is a bolus

Answer 41

When food is shaped into a ball by the tounge and pushed to the back of the mouth

Question 42

Purpose of the epiglottis

Answer 42

Blocks food entering the trachea

Question 43

What is peristalis

Answer 43

Musular contraction that moves food through the alimentary canal

Question 44

Purpose of contraction of the stomach wall

Answer 44

Maximise contact between enzymes and food

Question 45

Pepsin optimum pH

Answer 45

2

Question 46

Purpose of hydrochloric acid

Answer 46

* Pepsin optimum pH * Kill bacteria and fungi on food

Question 47

First section of small intestine

Answer 47

Duodenum

Question 48

Where is bile made

Answer 48

Liver

Question 49

Where is bile stored

Answer 49

Gall bladder

Question 50

Functions of bile

Answer 50

* Neutralise stomach acid on food entering duodenum * Emulsify lipids by breaking large droplets into small droplets (increasing surface area)

Question 51

Second part of small intestine

Answer 51

Ileum

Question 52

How are the villi in the ileum specialised for absorption of molecules by diffusion

Answer 52

* Large surface area - folding of ileium, villi and microvilli * Short diffusion distance - villi are only 1 cell thick * High concentration gradient - capillary netwrk and lacteals under villi

Question 53

How are the villi in the ileum specialised for absorption of molecules by diffusion

Answer 53

* Large surface area - folding of ileium, villi and microvilli * Short diffusion distance - villi are only 1 cell thick * High concentration gradient - capillary netwrk and lacteals under villi

Question 54

What happens in the colon

Answer 54

Reabsorption of water

Question 55

What happens in the rectum

Answer 55

Storage of faeces

Question 56

What happens in the anus

Answer 56

Faeces are egested