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4 ENERGY Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Unit for mass

A

Kilogram (kg)

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2
Q

Unit for energy

A

Joule (J)

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3
Q

Unit for distance

A

Metre (m)

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4
Q

Unit for speed

A

Metre/Second (m/s)

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5
Q

Unit for acceleration

A

Metre/Second^2 (m/s^2)

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6
Q

Unit for force

A

Newton (N)

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7
Q

Unit for time

A

Second (t)

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8
Q

Unit for power

A

Watt (W)

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9
Q

Name the energy stores

A
  • Chemical
  • Kinetic
  • Thermal
  • Magnetic
  • Gravitational
  • Elastic
  • Electrostatic
  • Nucleur
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10
Q

Name the energy transfers

A
  • Mechanically
  • Electrically
  • by heating
  • by radiation (light + sound)
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11
Q

State the principle of the conversation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one store to another

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12
Q

Effeciency equation

A

Efficency = Useful energy output / Total energy input

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13
Q

How do you get energy effeciency as a percentage

A

Multiply by 100

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14
Q

Unit for effeciency

A

No unit

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15
Q

How to draw a sankey diagram

A
  • Label everything with input/output, store and effeciency
  • Width of arrows represent effeciency
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16
Q

Describe the process of conduction

A
  • Heated particles vibrate
  • Pass energy to neigbhouring particles via collisions
  • Energy passes throughout material, so matter must be in contact for particles to collide (solid)
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17
Q

Why are metals good conductors of heat

A

Free electrons for more collisions

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18
Q

Why are solids good conductors

A

Particles are close togetherm and have strong forces between them

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19
Q

Why are insulators bad at heat transfer (conduction)

A

They have no free electrons, so there are less collisions

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20
Q

Why are liquids and gases bad at transferring heat by conduction

A

Particles are far apart, so collisons transferring energy are more difficult / less succsesful

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21
Q

Describe how to carry out a conduction experiment

A
  • Attach a metal rod to clap stand with a bunsen burner at the other end
  • Attach paperclip at equal distance (ruler) along rod, with vasaline
  • Whit stopwatch, record time taken for each paperclip to fall
  • Repeat for rods of different materials
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22
Q

Describe how convection works

A
  • Hot object heats the air above it
  • Particles in air vibrate more
  • Particles in air spread out, and become less dense
  • Less dense air rises
  • As hot air cools, it falls and the denser coled air replaces the hot air
  • Sets up a convection current
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23
Q

What states does convetion occur in

A

Solids and Liquids

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24
Q

State ways to reduce convection currents

A
  • Foam
  • Lid
  • Vaccum
    THEY ALL TRAP AIR
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25
State how to observe a convection current forming
Place a dye into the corner of a large trough of water and only heat that side and observe the pattern
26
How does radiation (heat transfer) travel, and why is that special
Travels as EM waves - Can travel through a vaccum
27
What is the link between surfaces when radiating and absorbing heat
Matt and black materials are good, whereas shiny and white/silver materials are bad
28
How does the rate of cooling differ when compared with room temperature
* Rate of cooling is greater when object is hotter * Larger difference betwen water, and room temperature * On a graph, an original steep gradient would level out (more energy transferred more rapidly)
29
Describe different experiments to investigate radiation
* Place silver and black tin on mat, and fill with boiling water * Record initial temperature, and record in stages with thermometer ***OR*** Use a leslie cube (metal) with 4 different surfaces, using an infrared ray to observe temperatures
30
How does loft insulation minimise heat loss
* Fibreglass is an insulator with pockets of air * Air is poor conductor, as trapped air cannot move * Prevents convection current being set up
31
State the 3 ways that heat loss can be minimised in a home
1. Loft insulation 2. Double glazing 3. Shiny foil behind radiators
32
Hoe does double glazing prevent heat loss
* Vaccum between panes of glass so no particles can transfer heat by collisions (no conduction) * No convection currents can form
33
How does shiny foil behind radiators reduce heat loss
* Foil is silvery in colour, and shiny in texture * Prevents heat loss by radiation * Heat radiating from radiator, is refelcted back into room
34
How does shiny foil behind radiators reduce heat loss
* Foil is silvery in colour, and shiny in texture * Prevents heat loss by radiation * Heat radiating from radiator, is refelcted back into room
35
Describe the energy transfer at a fossil fuel power station
* Chemical store of fuel * Thermal store of water * Kinetic store of water * Mechanical transfer via force of steam on turbine blaes * Kinetic store of turbine * Mechanical transfer to generator * Kinetic store of generator * Electrical transfter from generator via wires
36
Advantages of fossil fuel power stations
* Reliable * Constant source of power * Burning fossil fuels releases a lot of energy relatively cheaply * Plenty of fossil fuel power stationa already
37
Disadantages of fossil fuel power stations
* Non-renewable * Produces CO2 (Greenhouse gas) * Produces SO2 and Nox (acid rain)
38
Energy transfer at nucleur power station
* Nucleur store of uranium * Thermal store of water * Kinetic store of water * Mechanical transfer via force of steam on turbine blades * Kinetic store of turbine * Mechanical transfer to generator * Kinetic of generator * Electrical transfer from generator via wires
39
Advantages to nucluer power station
* Reliable * Constant source of power * No Co2 (greenhouse gas) * No So2 or Nox (acid rain) * Small amount of fuel creates lots of energy
40
Disadvantages to nucluer power station
* Non-renewable * Produces radioactive waste that takes thousands of years to drop to a safe level * Possibility of major meltdown which have catastrophic effect on enviroment * Expensive to build, maintaina nd decommission
41
Energy transfer at wind power station
* Kinetic store of wind * Mechanical transfer onto blades via force of wind * Kinetic store of blades * Mechanical transfer to generator * Kinetic store of generator * Electrical transfer from generator via wires
42
Advantages to wind power station
* Cheap to run (wind is fun) * No fossil fuels * Renewable source * No Co2 (global warming) * No So2 or Nox (acid rain)
43
Disadvantages to wind power station
* Not reliable (need wind) * Spoil view * Large number to produce energy * Danger to birds * Noisy * Expensive to set up
44
Energy transfer of hydroelectric power station
* Graviatational of water behind dam * Mechanical transfer to water * Kinetic store of water * Mechanical transfer on turbine blades * Kinetic store of turbine * Mechanical transfer to generator * Kinetic of generator filed * Electrical transfer from generator via wires
45
Advantages of hydroelectric power station
* Cheap (no fuel) * Immediate response to increase demand of electricity * Reliable * No fossil fuels * Renewable * No Co2 (greenhouse gas) * No So2 or Nox (acid rain) * Provides recreational activites like fishing
46
Disadvantages of hydroelectric power station
* Initailly expensive to build * Loss of habitat for organisms living in flooded valley * Towns relocated * Fish spawning routes distrupted * Only in mountainous reigons
47
Energy transfers of geothermal power station
* Thermal and nucleur store of earths core * Transfered by heating to water * Thermal store of water * Kinetic store of water * Mechanical transfer to turbine blades by force of steam * Kinetic store of turbine * Transfer mechanically to generator * Kinetic store of generator * Transfer electrically from generator via wires
48
Advantages to geothermal power station
* Cheap to run (no fuel) * Reliable * Constant source of power * No fossil fuels * Renewable * No Co2 (greenhouse gas) * No So2 or Nox (acid rain)
49
Disadvantages to geothermal power station
* Initially expensive to drill * Few places where can be set up - thin crust
50
Energy transfer of solar heating system
* Nucleur store of sun * Transfered as light radiation * Furnace absorbs light radiation * Thermal store of water * Kinetic store of water * Mechanical transfer to turbine by force of steam on blades * Kinetic store of turbine * Mechanical transfer to generator * Kinetic of generator * Electrical transfer by wires from generator
51
Advantages of solar heating system
* Cheap to run (no fuel) * No fossil fuels * Renewable * No Co2 (greenhouse gas) * No so2 or nox (Acid rain)
52
Disadvantages to solar heating system
* Initially expensive to build * Not reliable (need good weather)
53
Disadvantages to solar heating system
* Initially expensive to build * Not reliable (need good weather)
54
Energy transfer in solar cell
* Nucleur store of sun * Light radiation transfer * Solar cell absorb light radiation * Rlectrical transfer via solar cell wires
55
Advantages to solar cells
* Cheap (no fuel) * No fossil fuels * Renewable * No Co2 (fossil fuels) * No so2 or nox (acid rain)
56
Disadvantages to solar cells
* Initailly expensive to build * Not reliable (need good weather) * Need lots for same ammount of energy * Unsightly
57
Equation for work done
Work done = force x distance moved in direction of the force
58
Work done symbol equation
W = Fd
59
What is work done equal to
Energy transferred
60
What is energy transferred equal to
Work done
61
Equation linking work done and energy transferred
Work done = energy transferred
62
Unit for work done
Joules (J)
63
Define power
The rate of transferring energy or the rate of doing work
64
Power equation (energy transferred)
Power = Energy transferred / time taken
65
Power equation (energy transferred) - SYMBOL
P = E/t
66
Power equation (work done)
Power = work done / time taken
67
Power equation (work done) - SYMBOL
P = W/t
68
Equation for energy transferred (work done)
Power x Time
69
Unit for GPE and KE
Joules (J)
70
Equation for gravitational potential energy
Gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength x height
71
Equation for gravitational potential energy - SYMBOL
GPE = mgh
72
Equation for kinetic energy
Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x speed ^2
73
Equation for kinetic energy - SYMBOL
KE = 1/2mv^2
74
What links GPE and KE
GPE lost = KE gained
75
How does GPE link work done
* GPE = KE * mgh = 1/2mv^2 * mg = w (force) * GPE = force x height * mgh = work done
76
Advantages of hydroelectric power station
* Cheap (no fuel) * Immediate response to increase demand of electricity * Reliable * No fossil fuels * Renewable * No Co2 (greenhouse gas) * No So2 or Nox (acid rain) * Provides recreational activites like fishing
77
Energy transfer at wind power station
* Kinetic store of wind * Mechanical transfer onto blades via force of wind * Kinetic store of blades * Mechanical transfer to generator * Kinetic store of generator * Electrical transfer from generator via wires
78
Advantages of fossil fuel power stations
* Reliable * Constant source of power * Burning fossil fuels releases a lot of energy relatively cheaply * Plenty of fossil fuel power stationa already
79
State how to observe a convection current forming
Place a dye into the corner of a large trough of water and only heat that side and observe the pattern

GCSE (71 decks)

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