7 GROWTH + REPRODUCTION

Question 1

Products of mitosis

Answer 1

2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells

Question 2

How many cell divisions in mitosis

Answer 2

1

Question 3

How many cell divisions in meiosis

Answer 3

2

Question 4

Products of meiosis

Answer 4

Produces 4 genetically non-identical haploid daughter cells (gamates)

Question 5

Reasons for mitosis

Answer 5

Growth, repair and asexual reproduction

Question 6

How many chromosomes in a haploid cell

Answer 6

23

Question 7

How many chromosomes in a diploid cell

Answer 7

46

Question 8

How does random fertilisation cause genetic variation

Answer 8

• Each ejaculate contains millions of sperm cells which are each genetically different due to meiosis
• Each female egg cell will be gentically different due to meiosis
• Which sperm fertilises the egg is random

Question 9

How does fertilisation cause an embryo

Answer 9

a male and female gamete fuse to produce a zygote that undergoes mitosis to develop into an embryo

Question 10

Use of ovary

Answer 10

Egg cells are formed and produces progesterone and oestrogen

Question 11

Use of oviduct

Answer 11

Egg travels to uterus - site of fertilisation

Question 12

What in the oviduct move the egg through to the uterus

Answer 12

Cilia

Question 13

Use of uterus

Answer 13

Embryo implants and the foetus develops

Question 14

Use of cervix

Answer 14

Dilates during labour to allow the baby to be born

Question 15

Use of vagina

Answer 15

Penis insertion for sexual intercourse and for the baby to be born

Question 16

Use of testes

Answer 16

Sperm cells formed by meiosis and produces testosterone

Question 17

Use of sperm duct

Answer 17

Sperm transport

Question 18

Use of seminal vesicles

Answer 18

Release liquids into sperm duct which mixes with sperm to form semen

Question 19

Use of penis

Answer 19

Transport urine and semen out of the body

Question 20

Use of urethra

Answer 20

Removal of urine or semen

Question 21

Function of amniotic fluid

Answer 21

• Prevent against mechanical shocks
• Prevent drying out
• Prevent temperature fluctuation (due to wter’s high specific heat capacity)

Question 22

Use of the placenta

Answer 22

• Allow nutrients like glucose amino acids and oxygen to move from mother to embryo
• Allow metabolic wastes like caron dioxide and urea to pass from embryo to mother
• All happens by diffusion

Question 23

Why doesn’t the blood of the mother and foetus mix

Answer 23

• Mothers blood is at a much higher blood pressure
• Mothers blood has white blood cells that would attack the foetus

Question 24

Secondary sexual characteristics of men

Answer 24

• Voice breaks
• Production of sperm
• Facial, armpit, body and pubic hair growth
• Greater muscle development
• Growth and development of genitalia
• Mood swings
• Acne

Question 25

Sexual secondary characteristics of women

Answer 25

* Voice deepens * Menstrual cycle begins * Pelvis broadens * Armpit and pubic hair growth * Muscle development * Fat deposits on breasts, hips and thighs * Growth and development of genitalia * Mood swings * Acne

Question 26

Effect of FSH

Answer 26

* Follicle develops and ovum matures * Follicle releases oestrogen

Question 27

Effect of oestrogen

Answer 27

* Inhibits FSH production * Stimulates LH productin * Thickens uteral lining

Question 28

Effect of LH

Answer 28

* Ovulation * Inhibits oestorgen

Question 29

Effect of LH

Answer 29

* Ovulation * Inhibits oestrogen production

Question 30

Effect of progesterone

Answer 30

* FSH and LH inhibited * Thickness of uteral lining maintained

Question 31

How do plants asexually reproduce by tubers

Answer 31

One plant can prouduce many tubers which can each grow many shoots to make new plants

Question 32

How do plants asexually reproduce by tubers

Answer 32

One plant can prouduce many tubers which can each grow many shoots to make new plants

Question 33

How can plants be artifically made to asexually reproduce by cuttings

Answer 33

A piece of a plant's stem is taken from a healthy plant, and placed into soil to grow into a new plant

Question 34

Male gamete in a plant

Answer 34

Pollen

Question 35

Female gamete in a plant

Answer 35

Ova

Question 36

Features of a wind-pollinated plant

Answer 36

* stamen and stigma exposed outside petals * Feathery petals * Small, green petals * No nectaries

Question 37

Features of a wind pollinated flower

Answer 37

* Stamen exposed outside petals * Feathery stigma exposed outside petals * Small, green petals * No nectaries

Question 38

Features of an insect pollinated flower

Answer 38

* Stamen enclosed within flower * Sticky stigma enclosed within flower * Large and brightly coloured petals * Nectaries to attract insects

Question 39

How does a pollen grain casue fertilisation

Answer 39

* Pollen grain lands of stigma * Enymes secreted that digest tissues of style * Pollen tube made * Pollen grain enters ovule through micropyle * Fuses with ovum * Divides to form an embryo

Question 40

How is fruit formed after fertilisation

Answer 40

* Zygote develops into embryonic plant with radicle and plumule * Ovule becomes cotyledons for food storage * Ovule wall becomes seed coat - testa * Ovary wall becomes fruit

Question 41

Conditions required for germination

Answer 41

* Oxygen for respiration * Warmth for optimum temperature of enzymes * Water to activate enzymes

Question 42

How long do germinating seeds use carbohydrate stores for respiration

Answer 42

Until they can photosynthesise

Question 43

Secondary sexual characteristics of men

Answer 43

* Voice breaks * Production of sperm * Facial, armpit, body and pubic hair growth * Greater muscle development * Growth and development of genitalia * Mood swings * Acne