4 HEART + BLOOD

Question 1

Blood vessel from heart to body

Answer 1

Aorta

Question 2

Blood vessel from heart to liver

Answer 2

Hepatic artery

Question 3

Blood vessel from heart to gut

Answer 3

Mesenteric artery

Question 4

Blood vessel from heart to kideny

Answer 4

Renal artery

Question 5

Blood vessel from gut to liver

Answer 5

Hepatic Portal Vein

Question 6

Blood vessel from kidney to heart

Answer 6

Renal vein

Question 7

Blood vessel from liver to heart

Answer 7

Hepatic vewin

Question 8

Blood vessel from body to heart

Answer 8

Vena Cava

Question 9

Blood vessel from heart to lung

Answer 9

Pulmonary artery

Question 10

Blood vessel from lung to heart

Answer 10

Pulmonary vein

Question 11

Humans have double circulation - What is the pulmonary circulation

Answer 11

Deoxygenated blood to lungs, and oxygenated back to heart

Question 12

Humans have double circulation - what is the systemic circulation

Answer 12

Oxygenated blood pumped to other organs of body, and deoxygenated back to heart

Question 13

How do the muscular walls compare of the atria to the ventricles

Answer 13

Ventricles have thick muscular walls, rather than thin

Question 14

How do the muscular walls compare of the atria to the ventricles

Answer 14

Ventricles have thick muscular walls, rather than thin

Question 15

What separates the left and right side of the. heart

Answer 15

Septum

Question 16

Where does the right side of the heart pump blood

Answer 16

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 17

Where does the left side of the heart pump blood

Answer 17

Oxygenated blood to the body

Question 18

Why is the left ventricle wall much thicker than the right ventricle

Answer 18

It can pump blood at a higher pressure, so blood can travel around the whole body

Question 19

How does the heart work to prevent backflow, and all blood to go in the right direction

Answer 19

Both atria contract, emptying blood into the ventricles. The ventricles then contract, pushing blood into the arteries. Valves ensure blood flows in right direction.

Question 20

What part of the brain controls heart rate

Answer 20

Medulla

Question 21

How does the heart respond to exercise

Answer 21

• More Co2 produced in aerobic respiration
• Sensors in aorta and carotid artery detect increase
• Nerve impulses to medulla
• Nerve impulses along accelerator nerve
• Accelerator nerve increases heart rate
• More blood supplied to muscles with O2 and glucose for aerobic respiration

Question 22

Role of arteries

Answer 22

Carry blood away from heart at high pressure

Question 23

Role of veins

Answer 23

Return blood to heart at low pressure

Question 24

Role of capillaries

Answer 24

Carry blood through tiessus and site of exhange of materials by diffusion

Question 25

Structure of arteries

Answer 25

* Thick outer wall * Thick layer of elastic tissue * Thick layer of muscular tissue * Small lumen

Question 26

Structure of veins

Answer 26

* Thin outer wall * Thin layer of elastic tissue * Think layer of muscular tissue * Large lumen * Semilunar valves to prevent backflow

Question 27

Structure of capillary

Answer 27

One cell thick

Question 28

How does the structure of an artery relate to it's function

Answer 28

* Transport blood at high pressure without bursting * Allow artery to strech and recoil to keep blood flowing at high pressure

Question 29

How does the structure of a vein relate to it's function

Answer 29

* Blood is at lower pressure, so thick wall is not needed * Wall can contract to keep blood flowing * Prevents blood flowing backwards

Question 30

How does the structure of a capillary relate to it's function

Answer 30

* Short diffusion distance of substances from blood into tissues

Question 31

How does the structure of a capillary relate to it's function

Answer 31

* Short diffusion distance of substances from blood into tissues

Question 32

Function of coronary arteries

Answer 32

Supply heart muscle with blood (so glucose and oxygen), for aerobic respiration, and removes Co2

Question 33

How does a lot of saturated fat in the diet increase the risk of coronary heart disease

Answer 33

* Fatty deposits build up in artery walls, narrowing lumen * Reduces blood flow to heart muscle cells * Heart muscle cells receive less oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration * More anaerobic respiration occurs and lactic acid builds up * Poisons heart muscle cells, causing heart attacks

Question 34

How does bad diet increase the risk of CHD

Answer 34

Lots of saturated fat increases blood cholesterol and risk of fatty deposits, and high salt increases blood pressure

Question 35

How does smoking increase the risk of CHD

Answer 35

Increases blood pressure, and risk of fatty deposits forming

Question 36

How does high blood pressure increase the risk of CHD

Answer 36

Damages artery lining and increases risk of fatty deposits forming

Question 37

Composition of blood

Answer 37

Plasma, RBC, platelets and WBC

Question 38

What does plasma transport

Answer 38

* Carbon dioxide * Digested food - glucose * Urea * Hormones * Heat energy

Question 39

How are red blood cells specialised for transport of oxygen

Answer 39

* Contain haemoglobin that binds to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin * No nucleus, so more haemoglobin can be held * Biconcave - increase the surface area to volume ratio

Question 40

Describe how platlets clot blood

Answer 40

* When exposed to oxygen, they release chemicals * They cause soluble fibrinogen to become insoluble fibrin * The fibrin forms a mesh trapping platelets and red blood cells * This forms a clot or scab

Question 41

Puropse of blood clotting

Answer 41

* Prevents blood loss * Acts as a barrier to prevent entry of micro-organisms and pathogens

Question 42

Puropse of blood clotting

Answer 42

* Prevents blood loss * Acts as a barrier to prevent entry of micro-organisms and pathogens

Question 43

How does a lot of saturated fat in the diet increase the risk of coronary heart disease

Answer 43

* Fatty deposits build up in artery walls, narrowing lumen * Reduces blood flow to heart muscle cells * Heart muscle cells receive less oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration * More anaerobic respiration occurs and lactic acid builds up * Poisons heart muscle cells, causing heart attacks