Osteoporosis Flashcards
what is osteoporosis
bone breakdown > bone formation
leading to decreased bone density
which hormones are involved with bone remodelling
PTH - released when there is low Ca, increases bone reabsorption
Calcitonin - released when high Ca, promotes bone reformation and decreases reabsorption
Vit D - increases Ca absorption in the gut, promotes bone formation
how does osteoporosis differ from osteomalacia on a microscopic level
it has normal mineralization
what are some risk factors for osteoporosis
menopause - decreased oestrogen
low calcium
steroid use
smoking and alcohol
physical inactivity
what are the two main causes of osteoporosis
post menopausal
senile
what does T score mean
compared the density of a bone from a DEXA scan to the density of the bone of a young healthy person
what T score is diagnostic of osteoporosis
< -2.5
what is the management of osteoporosis
bisphosphonates - alendronate, risendronate
hydrochlorothiazide (increases Ca retention)
denosumab and raloxifene (SERM) for post menopausal osteoporosis
