Hypertension

Question 1

what’s an acronym for secondary causes of hypertension

Answer 1

R - renal disease
O - obesity
P - pregnancy
E - endocrine
D - drugs (alcohol, steriods, NSAIDs, oestrogen)

Question 2

what should be considered if BP is very high or doesn’t respond to treatment

Answer 2

dupex ESS / CT angiogram to rule out renal artery stenosis

Question 3

what are life style modifications for hypertension

Answer 3

decreased salt
decreased caffine
stress managament
exercise
smoking and alcohol cessation

Question 4

first line medication for those with hypertension

Answer 4

< 55/ T2DM: ACEi
>55 : CCB

Question 5

second and third line medication for HTN

Answer 5

ACEi + CCB/ Thiazide
ACEi + CCB + Thiazide

Question 6

what medications can be considered in fourth line management of HTN

Answer 6

Aldosterone antagonist
Alpha blocker

Question 7

target BP for those with HTN

Answer 7

<80 : 140/90
>80: 150/90

Question 8

what are some complications which can arise from hypertension

Answer 8

IHD
Stroke / TIA
vascular disease
hypertensive retinopathy
hypertensive nephropathy
vascular dementia
LV HF

Question 9

what is a hypertensive emergency

Answer 9

> 180/120 with retinal haemorrhage or papilledema
requires same day admission

Question 10

what medications are generally used to treat a hypertensive emergency

Answer 10

sodium nitroprusside
IV labetalol
GTN
Nicardipine