AKI

Question 1

how can AKI present

Answer 1

may be asymptomatic or vague symptoms:
N&V
dehydration
confusion
decreased urine output
oedema
vague abdominal pain

Question 2

how do you diagnose AKI

Answer 2

plasma creatinine
any rise in Cr should be suggestive of an AKI

Question 3

what are some causes for pre-renal AKI

Answer 3

hypoperfusion of the kidneys:

dehydration: N&V, burns, third spacing (bowell obstruction, sepsis)
Bleeding
HF
Obstruction of the renal artery or vein (stenosis or thrombosis)

Question 4

what is the immediate action for pre renal AKI

Answer 4

give fluids

Question 5

what are some causes for post renal AKI

Answer 5

generally due to obstruction

enlarged prostate
stones, clots, pus, caner

outside the urinary tract:
solid organ tumours of the pelvis
lymphoma
retroperitoneal fibrosis

Question 6

what is the immediate action for suspected post renal AKI

Answer 6

imaging

Question 7

what are some renal causes of AKI

Answer 7

glomerular: glomerulonephritis

vascular: malignant HTN, MAHA, scleroderma, vasculitis, NSAIDs, cyclosporin’s

Tubular intersitial: ATN, malingancy

Question 8

what is the immediate action for renal AKI

Answer 8

urinalysis
blood: vasculitis
protein: myeloma

Question 9

what are some complications of AKI

Answer 9

uraemia
hyperkalaemia
progression to CKD

Question 10

what are some indications for dialysis in AKI

Answer 10

severe hyperkalaemia
uraemia
pulmonary oedema not responding to treatment
acidosis
pericarditis