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Honors Biology > Cell Test Review: (all decks combined) > Flashcards

Cell Test Review: (all decks combined) Flashcards

1
Q

Which phase is known as the middle phase?

A

metaphase

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2
Q

Describe the activity of the centrioles during prophase

A
  • Migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
  • grow spindle fibers
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3
Q

Came up with the word cell

A

Robert Hooke

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4
Q

Two types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis

pinocytosis

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5
Q

What returns during telophase?

A
  • Nuclei
  • Nucleoli
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6
Q

Three types of transport

A

Passive Transport

Active Transport

Movement of Macromolecules

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7
Q

attach to glycoproteins

A

Peripheral proteins

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8
Q

During which phase of the cell cycle does the nucleus divide into two?

A

M phase or mitosis

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9
Q

Microscope that coats the speciman with a metal. Electrons bounce off the speciman and produce and image

A

Scanning electron microscope

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10
Q

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell split into two daughter cells?

A

C phase or cytokinesis

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11
Q

Diffusion through an integral protein from high to low concentration.

A

Facilitated diffusion

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12
Q

What are the products of lactic acid fermentation?

A
  • Lactic acid
  • 2 NAD+
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13
Q

During passive transport how do molecules move?

A
  • From high to low concentration
  • Down the conentration gradient.
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14
Q

How do chromosomes line up during metaphse?

A

In a single file line

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15
Q

What is the cytoplasm of the mitochondria called?

A

Matrix

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16
Q

Category of transport that does not require energy from the cell

A

Passive transport

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17
Q

What type of cells go through the cell cycle?

A

Somatic cell

or

diploid cells

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18
Q

During which phase of mitosis do the DNA molecules form chromosomes?

A

Prophase

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19
Q

Loss of osmotic pressure in an animal cell

A

crenation

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20
Q

Exploding of an animal cell

A

Lysing

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21
Q

Two types of electron microscopes

A

Scanning

and

Transmission

Electron Microscopes

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22
Q

Which organelle do spindle fibers grow out of?

A

centrioles

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23
Q

Which form of DNA is condensed?

A

Chromosome

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24
Q

Found inside of the nucleus. They synthesize the ribosomes

A

nucleolus

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25
Q

Organelles only in animal cells

A

Lysosomes

Cilia and Flagella

Cytoskeleton

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26
Q

Movement of water from high to low concentrations.

A

Osmosis

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27
Q

During osmosis water moves from a _______solution to a ___________ solution.

A

hypotonic to hypertonic

(TO THE HYPER!)

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28
Q

Concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells

A

Rudolf Virchow

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29
Q

Which products of glycolysis move on to the Krebs cycle?

A

Pyruvic acid

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30
Q

Part of the phospholipid that doesn’t like the solvent in the cytoplasm or the environment

A

Fatty Acid Tails

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31
Q

_______ releases large products or waste molecules out of the cell.

A

Exocytosis

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32
Q

Type of solution that is more concentrated than the other solution.

A

hypertonic solution

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33
Q

During which phase of mitosis does DNA turn into the chromatin form?

A

Telophase

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34
Q

Which form of DNA is long and thin?

A

Chromatin

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35
Q

carbohydrates that attach to hydrophillic heads in the membrane

A

glycolipids

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36
Q

Which molecules react with pyruvic acid during fermentation?

A

2 NADH

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37
Q

Type of solution that has more solute and less solvent

A

hypertonic

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38
Q

Type of solution that is more dilute than the other solution.

A

hypotonic solution

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39
Q

Component of cell walls

A

Cellulose

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40
Q

Concluded that all animals are made up of cells

A

Theodore Schwann

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41
Q

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?

A

Matrix of the mitochondria

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42
Q

What are the products of alchoholic fermentation?

A
  • ethyl alcohol
  • 2 NAD+
  • 2 carbon dioxides
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43
Q

What is the human diploid number?

A

2n=46

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44
Q

What moves the chromosomes to the equator during metaphase?

A

spindle fibers

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45
Q

What happens to the DNA during telophase?

A

Uncondenses/unwinds back into the chromatin long and thin form?

46
Q

During anaphase, when the sister chromatids detach and move to opposite poles of the cell, what are the DNA molecules now called?

A

daughter chromomsomes

47
Q

Gates within the cell membrane

A

Integral proteins

48
Q

Type of microscope that gives us an external 3D view of a specimen

A

Scanning electron microsope

49
Q

Type of microscope that can view a living organism

A

Light microscope

50
Q

Concluded that all plants are made up of cells

A

Matthias Schleiden

51
Q

During cellular respiration, this organelle breaks down large carbohydrate molecules into individual glucose molecules.

A

Lysosome

52
Q

Makes phospholipids for the cell membrane

A

smooth ER

53
Q

First to look at protozoa (moving living organisms) in pond water

A

Anton Van Leewenhooke

54
Q

What disappears during prophase of mitosis?

A

Nucleus

and

nucleolus

55
Q

Helps to move around organelles inside the cell as well as products fromt he ER’s to the Golgi bodies.

A

Cytoskeleton

56
Q

Type of micoscope we use in the classroom

A

light microscope

57
Q

Solid food and bacteria enter cells through

A

phagocytosis

58
Q

What splits at the beginning of anaphase?

A

centromeres

59
Q

Which products of Krebs Cycle move on to the ETC

A

8 NADH

2 FADH2

60
Q

What are the cells called at the conclusion of cytokinesis?

A

Daughter cells

61
Q

During which phase of aerobic respiration is the water produced?

A

ETC

62
Q

Increase in osmotic pressure in an plant cell leads to the cell becoming ____

A

turgid

63
Q

Act as name tags for the cell

A

Glycolipids

and

Glycoproteins

64
Q

What are the folds of the inner membrane called?

A

cristae

65
Q

Which type of fermentation do yeast go through?

A

alcoholic fermentation

66
Q

What are the three main phases of the cell cycle?

A
  • Interphase
  • M phase (mitosis)
  • C phase (cytokinesis)
67
Q

Type of transport that takes in large molecules into the cell…so large they can’t fit through the phospholipids or the integral proteins.

A

endocytosis

68
Q

Type of passive transport involves the movement of gases across the membrane from high to low concentrations

A

diffusion

69
Q

Loss of osmotic pressure in a plant cell

A

plasmolysis

70
Q

During which phase of interphase does the cell enlarge?

A

G1

71
Q

Microscope that thinnly slices the speciman. Electrons are then forced through the speciman. The rate at which the electrons are collected on the other side is used to put together an image

A

Transmission electron microscope

72
Q

What are the three phases of aerobic Cellular Respiration?

A
  • Glycolysis
  • Kreb’s Cycle
  • Electron Transport Chain
73
Q

Three main molecules that make up a cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

Proteins

Carbohydrates

74
Q

Helps make the cells mobile

A

cilia and flagella

75
Q

Two components of a solution

A

Solvent (water)

Solute (dissolved particles)

76
Q

Type of cell that bacteria are classified as

A

prokaryotic cell

77
Q

Receives the products of the ER’s and ships them to the membrane for export.

A

Golgi apparatus

78
Q

Where does the electron transport take place?

A

cristae of the mitochondria

(inner membrane folds)

79
Q

Hormones and secretions enter a cell through…

A

pinocytosis

80
Q

During which phase of cellular respiration is the carbon dioxide produced?

A

Krebs Cycle

81
Q

Type of transport that requires the use of ATP by the cell

A

Active Transport

82
Q

What product from fermentation drives the glycolysis process?

A
  • 2 NAD+
83
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

cytoplasm of the cell

84
Q

What is the center of the cell also known as?

A
  • Equator
  • Equatorial plate
  • Metaphase plate
85
Q

Microscope that gives us an internal up-close view of a speciman

A

Transmission Electron Microscope

86
Q

Which products of glycolysis move on to the electron transport chain?

A

2 NADH molecules

87
Q

What are the reactants for cellular respiration?

A
  • glucose
  • 6 oxygen molecules
88
Q

Type of cell that lacks a nucleus

A

prokaryotic cell

89
Q

What does the DNA coil around to form a sister chromatid?

A

histone proteins

90
Q

During which phase of interphase does the DNA get copied?

A

S phase

91
Q

Type of cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

A

eukaryotic cells

92
Q

During which phase of interphase are the organelles doubled?

A

G2 phase

93
Q

What are the products of cellular respiration?

A
  • 6 Carbon dioxides
  • 6 waters
  • 36 ATP
94
Q

What is the cell called at the beginning of the cell cycle?

A

Parent Cell

95
Q

Three types of passive transport

A
  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Facilitated Diffusion
96
Q

Contains the genetic material of the cell

A

nucleus

97
Q

Type of solution that has the same concentration of solute as the other solution

A

isotonic

98
Q

Organelles only found in plant cells

A

Chloroplasts

Central Vacuole

Cell Wall

99
Q

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

A

C6H12O6

100
Q

Type of solution that has more solvent and less solute

A

hypotonic

101
Q

Which phase is also known as the away phase?

A

Anaphase

102
Q

Part of the phospholipid that faces the cytoplasm or the environment

A

Hydrophillic phospholipid head

103
Q

Organisms that are only one cell in size are known as….

A

unicellular

104
Q

Regulates the movement of food into the cell and waste out of the cell

A

Cell membrane

105
Q

Which phase of mitosis takes the longest and why?

A

Prophase because the DNA has to condense into the chromosome form.

106
Q

List how much ATP is synthesized in each of the three phases of aerobic respiration.

A
  • Glycolysis: net gain of 2
  • Krebs Cycle: 2
  • ETC: 32
107
Q

Organism this is made up of more than one cell is called?

A

multicellular

108
Q

Makes proteins for the membrane or for export to other cells

A

Rough ER

109
Q

Alternate names for cell membrane

A

Selectively permeable membrane

Lipid bilayer

Semipermeable membrane

Fluid Mosaic Model

110
Q

What is each half of a chromosome called?

A

sister chromatid

111
Q

What are the three phases of interphase?

A
  • G1
  • S
  • G2

Honors Biology (26 decks)

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