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Honors Biology > Unit 3: Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Unit 3: Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

During translation what reads the mRNA?

A

rRNA

(r for the reader)

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2
Q

What are the two steps of protein synthesis?

A

transcription and translation

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3
Q

When you are completing a transcription problem what molecule are you representing?

A

You are the RNA polymerase because you look at the sense strand (DNA) and determine what the complementary RNA nucleotides are as you create the mRNA.

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4
Q

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in RNA?

A

A, U, G, C

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5
Q

When you are completing a translation problem what molecule are you representing?

A

You are the rRNA or ribosome as you read the mRNA codon by codon. You then use the codon chart to determine the amino acids chain.

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6
Q

Which process makes the mRNA?

A

Transcription

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7
Q

How many nucleotides make up one codon?

A

three nucleotides or bases

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8
Q

Once the transcript has been synthesize where does it go?

A

Out to the ribosome

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9
Q

What codes for amino acids?

A

Codons on the mRNA

(codons code)

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10
Q

Which type of RNA has anticodons

A

tRNA

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11
Q

Where does translation take place?

A

In the cytoplasm at the ribosome

(either at the free or bound ribosomes)

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12
Q

Where do the amino acids come from that are attached to the tRNA’s?

A

From the food that you eat. They enter your cells by phagocytosis.

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13
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

tRNA ( transfer)

mRNA (messenger)

rRNA (ribosomal) also known as the ribosome

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14
Q

What is the role of rRNA?

A

It reads the message codon by codon during the translation process

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15
Q

What is the responsibility of the codon?

A

Codons code for specific amino acids

(codons code!)

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16
Q

Where does transcription take place?

A

nucleus

(that’s where the DNA is)

17
Q

Which enzyme prepares the DNA and exposes the sense strand during transcription?

A

helicase

18
Q

A protien is a macromolecule that is composed of the _____ building blocks

A

amino acid

19
Q

How does the ribosome read the mRNA?

A

Codon by codon

20
Q

If transcription synthesizes the mRNA, what is formed during translation?

A

the protein

or

amino acid chains

21
Q

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

A

It is the message that contains the important information from the DNA and was made during transcription.

22
Q

What is the role of tRNA during translation?

A

It trucks around amino acids back to the ribosome only when it’s complementary to the codon on the mRNA.

23
Q

What is the second stage of protein synthesis?

A

translation

24
Q

In RNA which bases are complementary?

A

A bonds withU

C bonds with G

25
Q

What is rRNA also referred as?

A

ribosome

26
Q

When the rRNA reads the mRNA what receives a signal from the ribosome?

A

tRNA

27
Q

How many strands is RNA?

A

1

(single stranded)

28
Q

Which sugar is RNA composed of?

A

ribose

(which is what the R in RNA stands for)

29
Q

Which process happens first in protein synthesis?

A

transcription

30
Q

During transcription, what is the DNA strand called that the RNA polymerase uses to make the message?

A

sense strand

31
Q

Briefly describe the process of translation?

A
  • rRNA reads mRNA codon by codon
  • rRNA sends a message to the complementary anticodon (tRNA) to truck back to the ribosome the appropriate amino acid.
  • tRNA travels to the ribosome/mRNA complex bringing it’s amino acids.
  • Amino acids hook together forming an amino acid chain or protein.
  • When the ribosome finishes reading the mRNA it detaches and goes off to find a new mRNA.
  • tRNA’s go off into the cytoplasm to find another amino acid.
  • The mRNA may bond up with another ribosome and repeat the process.
32
Q

What is the cell’s purpose in making mRNA?

A

DNA contains genes for making proteins at the ribosome. However DNA can’t leave the nuclesu because it’s double stranded. Instead mRNA (the message) is made with only the important information. Since mRNA is single stranded it CAN leave the nucleus and join the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

33
Q

What is the mRNA or the message also known as?

A

the transcript

(because it’s the product of ** transcript**ion)

34
Q

Which type of RNA has codons?

A

mRNA

35
Q

What is the mRNA codon complementary to?

A

tRNA anticodon

Honors Biology (26 decks)

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