Unit 4: Evolution

Question 1

Which type of selective pressure leads to speciation or the formation of new species?

Answer 1

Distruptive selection

Question 2

Comparing the early development of organisms is known as

Answer 2

Comparitive embryology

Question 3

Which scientist believed in the use/ disuse theory

Answer 3

Lamarck

Question 4

A bug’s exoskeleton and a mouse’s skeletons are examples of

Answer 4

Analogous Structures

Question 5

Which scientist believed that organisms are born with the adaptations they will have that will hopefully allow them to survive

Answer 5

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

Question 6

Which scientist believed in the punctuated equillibrium theory

Answer 6

Gould and Eldridge

Question 7

What is the result of natural selection

Answer 7

A change in the traits within the species (strong traits increase and weak traits decrease in frequency or completely disappear)

Question 8

Which scientist believed that structures disappear because they are not used by the organism

Answer 8

Lamarck

Question 9

The human tailbone is an example of a

Answer 9

Vestigial Structure

Question 10

Which type of selective pressure favors the norm and selects agains the extremes. Over time the organisms that fall within the norm increase within the population while the extremes decrease or completely dissapear.

Answer 10

Stabilizing Selection

Question 11

During natural selection what influences which organisms will survive and which will be more likely to die?

Answer 11

• Pressures of the environment
• Competition wih other organims for resources

Question 12

Which type of selective pressure leads to a shift in the norm of the trait to one of the extremes.

Answer 12

Directional Selection

Question 13

In order for a species to evolve what must exist.

Answer 13

Natural genetic variations

Question 14

Studying the DNA and proteins of difference organims is called

Answer 14

Comparitive biochemistry

Question 15

The arm of a human and the front limbs of your dog is an example of

Answer 15

homologous structures.

Question 16

When comparing anatomy, which type of structures exist between different species that are only similar in makeup but not in function. In fact some organisms may have a reduced form of the structure that serves no purpose.

Answer 16

Vestigial Structures

Question 17

Which scientist believed that structures in an organism develop because of the over use or innate desire to have that structure

Answer 17

Lamarck

Question 18

Which scientist believed that famine and disease keeps the human population down

Answer 18

Malthus

Question 19

What does survival of the fittest mean?

Answer 19

Those organisms that are better adapted to the challenges of the environment and competition of other organisms are more likely to survive and pass on their favorable traits to their offspring.

Question 20

When comparing anatomy, which type of structures exist between different species that are not only similar in makeup but also in function.

Answer 20

Homologous Structures

Question 21

Which type of selective pressure favors the extreme and against the norm?

Answer 21

Disruptive Selection

Question 22

Which scientist believed that evolution happens in quick burst followed by long periods of little evolutionary change

Answer 22

Gould and Eldridge

Question 23

Islands where Darwin gathered most of his specimens and data

Answer 23

Galapagos Islands

Question 24

Which scientist believed that an organism adapts in order to survive in its environment

Answer 24

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Question 25

What is the one influence that all the theories of evolution have in common

Answer 25

Evolution occurs because of the influence of the environment

Question 26

Name of the ship that Darwin sailed on during his voyage to South America including the Galapagos Islands

Answer 26

HMS Beagle

Question 27

Which scientist believed that Earth was millions of years old

Answer 27

Hutton and Lyell

Question 28

What is it called when humans breed specific animals such as dogs or horses

Answer 28

Artificial Selection

Question 29

Studying the mineralized remains of organisms is called

Answer 29

fossil evidence

Question 30

Which scientist believed that species struggle for existance

Answer 30

Wallace and Darwin

Question 31

When comparing anatomy, which type of structures exist between different species that are only similar in function but not in structure.

Answer 31

Analogous Structures