Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUBS192 > Lecture 13 - Lol Yay > Flashcards

Lecture 13 - Lol Yay Flashcards

1
Q

Three general functions of blood

A
  • transport
  • immune response
  • coagulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the blood transport?

A
  • O2, water, nutrients
  • CO2 (as it acidising things), waste products (urea, contains nitrogen)
  • ions associated with pH and homeostasis
  • heat - a product of oxidative reactions in cells
  • hormones - co-ordinate the activities of organs of the body
  • immune cells
  • coagulation factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the immune function of the blood consist of?

A

Fighting infection and production of the immune response
- white blood cells (cellular components)
- immunoglobulins (proteins / chemicals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is coagulation and how does it do it

A
  • stop bleeding
  • Platelets (formed component) (create mesh-network)
  • Cagulation factors in plasma (clog up the mesh network)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How much blood is in a person

A

70kg person has about 5L of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Blood volume is in proportion to…

A

… lean body mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

50% of blood is _____ and the other 50% is ____

A

-plasma
-formed elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Plasma is made form mostly

A

Water (92%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 main components of plasma

A
  1. WATER (92%)
  2. Plasma proteins (7%)
    - albumins
    - globulins
    - fibrinogen
    - enzyme and hormone
  3. Other solutes (1%)
    - electrolytes
    - organic nutrience
    - organic waste
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do albumins do and what section do they fit into?

A
  • maintain osmotic pressure
  • plasma - plasma proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do globulins do and what section do they fit into

A
  • immune response
  • plasma - plasma proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are fibrinogens and what section do they fit into?

A
  • coagulation factor
  • plasma - plasma proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are enzymes and hormones and what section are they under

A
  • lots of functions; varies by person
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did electrolytes do and what section do they belong to?

A
  • maintain pH and ion balance
  • plasma - other solutes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are organic nutrients and what section

A
  • what cells need to function
  • Plasma - other solutes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are organic wastes and what section do they belong to

A
  • things cells get rid of
  • plasma - other solutes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of water in plasma

A
  • can hold a lot of heat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 parts of formed elements

A
  • platelets <0.1%
  • white blood cells <0.1%
  • red blood cells 99.9%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are platelets and what part of blood are they found in

A
  • cell fragments that participate in clotting to stop bleeding
  • formed elements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do white blood cells do and what part of blood are they found in

A
  • immune responses and defence mechanisms; these seek and destroy invading pathogens
  • formed elements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are red blood cells and what part of blood are they found in

A
  • by far the most common cell found in blood; highly specialised for transport of oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is haematopoiesis ?

A

The formation of blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where is haematopoiesis initiated

A

In red bone marrow, which contains blood stem cells

24
Q

Blood stem cells are the ______ for all blood cells

A

Blood stem cells are the progenitors for all blood cells

25
Q

Blood cell differentiation from stem cell

A
  • depending on environment they can go down different lines
26
Q

When you have complex systems…

A

…. There is a lot of room for error - blood cancers etc

27
Q

Blood stem cells go down various pathways to form various formed elements, white blood cells, platelets or red blood cells

A

True adn real

28
Q

What do platelets from from

A

Megokaryocytes that break down into smaller fragments

29
Q

Pathway of red blood cell from stem cell

A

Stem cell —-> myeloid stem cells - stimulated by erythropoietin (EPO) ——- > erthroblast stages (nucleus ejected) ——> reticulocyte ———> red blood cell

30
Q

Red blood cells dont have

A

Nucleus
Organnelse
- don’t need repordcative mechanism to decide as a new one is just made each time

31
Q

What is RBC formation stimulated by?

A

EPO

32
Q

Function of RBC - erythrocytes

A
  • oxygen transport
33
Q

How the RBC structure relates to its funciton

A

Bioc cave disc shape

  • larger SA:V ratio
    • allows for effecient diffusion of gasses
  • flexibility for movement through narrow capillaries (shape allows them to fold up)
  • many throughout body and packed with haemoglobin
34
Q

Red blood cells contain large amounts of…

A

Haemoglobin (4 protein chains)

35
Q

How much of the RBC weight is contributed by haem

A

One third

36
Q

What does the haeme use is its structure to bind oxygen?

A

Iron

37
Q

How many oxygen molecules can haemoglobin bind?

A

Four haem units, so each haemoglobin can bind four oxygen molecules

38
Q

RBC doesnt divide or carry out processed - so there are jam packed with haemoglobin

A

Ye

39
Q

What is the haematopocrit / packed cell volume

A
  • the fraction of blood occupied by the red cells
40
Q

What is the fraction of blood occupied by the red blood cells called?

A

Haematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV)

41
Q

How do you seperate blood into it’s main components?

A

In a centrifuge

42
Q

What does a centrifuge do?

A

Separates blood into its main components

43
Q

How much volume do red blood cells take up

A

Typicallly red blood cells make up about 50% of blood volume
I.e haematocrit ~0.5

The rest is plasma and white blood cells

44
Q

Haematocrit

A
45
Q

Haemoglobin concentration determines…

A

… how much O2 can be carried in the blood

46
Q

What happens when haemoglobin levels are low?

A

Anaemia

47
Q

What’s happening when you’re anaemic

A

= low haemoglobin levels
- blood carries less O2
- reduces amount delivered to tissues
- reduces excercie ability

Fe deficient in diet

  • can measure this to determine red blood cells instead of centrifuge
48
Q

What does reduced Fe lead to

A

Anaemia

49
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Generation of red blood cells

50
Q

All blood cells are derived from..

A

..a common stem cell

51
Q

What is RBC production stimulated by?

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

52
Q

What is required to make haemoglobin ?

A

Iron

53
Q

Erythropoiesis is augmented by…

A

…testosterone

54
Q

How does Erythropoiesis happen?

A
  • if low level of oxygen in blood…
  • kidneys sense that oxygen levels in the blood are depressed
  • kidneys release EPO
  • EPO circulates to bone marrow
  • stimulates the production of more RBCs => blood can carry more O2
55
Q

What causes low levels of O2 in blood?

A
  • anaemia
  • respiratory problem
  • HIGH ALTITUDE
  • if athlete at high altitude - provide more haemoglobin as not enough oxygen - then when u return to normal - haemoglobin remains high
56
Q

EPO to increase athletic performance

A
  • erythropoietin
  • erythrocytes
  • increased O2 capacity
  • increases performance
  • MAKES SLUDGY BLOOD
57
Q

The plasma and formed elements in blood are specialised to allow blood to perform three functions of transport, immune response and coagulation

A

Yep

HUBS192 (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions