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HUBS192 > 36 > Flashcards

36 Flashcards

1
Q

• How many sperm are produced from one primary
spermatocyte?

A

1 primary spermatocye —-> 4 spermatozoa

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2
Q

Which accessory glands contribute the most to seminal
fluid in terms of volume?

A

Seminal vesicles (60%)

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3
Q

What is the specific name of the process by which
spermatids become spermatozoa?

A

Spermiogenises

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4
Q

Male feed back loop - exam

A

Hypothalamus releases GnRH which gets transported down to the anterior pituitary where it stimulates the release of LH and FSH

LH acts on the interstitial endocrine cells, stimulating the production of testosterone

FSH and testosterone control (stimulate) spermatogenesis

SFH stimulates inhibin production from nurse cells

Negative feed back:
- inhibin suppress FSH
- testosterone suppress LH and GnRH

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5
Q

Function of Female reproductive system

A

• To produce oocytes (female gamete)
• Transport ova and spermatozoa to the appropriate
site for fertilization
• Provides a site for the developing embryo and fetus
to grow – protection, nourishment
• Delivery of fetus

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6
Q

Female Perineum, where is it?

A

Region inferior to the
pelvic floor and
between upper region
of the thighs

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7
Q

Female Urogenital triangle:

A

External genitalia =
vulva.

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8
Q

• Anal triangle:

A

Anus

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Where is Mons pubis

A

Layer of fat in front of the pubic
symphysis

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11
Q

What are the labia? What are the different types?

A

2 lip-like structures:
- major: larger and more lateral
- minor: smaller and more medial

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12
Q

What is the space between the labia called? What is it associated with?

A

space between (associated
with vagina) is the vestibule

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13
Q

{note: labia: plural; labium: singular}

A
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14
Q

What does the valve (external genitalia) consists of

A
  • mons pubis
  • major and minor labia
  • vestibule
  • vestibular glands
  • clitoris
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15
Q

Where where are the vestibular glands located?

A
  • deep to the labia
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16
Q

What do the vestibular glands do?

A

Lubricate the vaginal orifice
- there are lesser and greater ones
- lesser ones open into vestibule to keep it moist
- greater vestibular glands secrete during arousal for lubrication

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17
Q

Where does the labia minora spread around?

A

The vagina and urethral openings

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18
Q

What is the clitoris

A

A complex erectile organ

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19
Q

Components of the cltioris

A
  • glands (only part that can be seen extranally)
  • body
  • Crura X2
  • bulbs
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20
Q

What is Developmentally
homologous to the penis

A

Clitoris

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21
Q

Urethra in females

A

The urethra does not pass
through the clitoris

Urethra has separate
opening

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

The perineum is divided into two regions known as
the ___________ and ___________ triangles.

A

Eurogenital and anal triangle

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24
Q

The ___________ triangle contains the female
external genitalia, which is collectively known as the
___________.

A

Urogenital
Vulva

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25
Q

• The vulva incorporates the mons pubis, labia
majora and ___________, vestibule, ___________
glands and the clitoris.

A

Labia minora
Vestibular glands (greater and lesser)

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26
Q

Structures of The Female Reproductive Tract

A

Structures:
- ovary
- uterine tubes
- uterus
- cervix
- vagina

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27
Q
A
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28
Q

What are the ovaries the site of?

A

Site of ogenisis - is the site where the ocytes (gametes) are produced )

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29
Q

A bunch of yeappage

A
  • female gonad - ovary - responsible for production of female gametes - ocytes
  • when an ocyte is realised in ovulation it is taken into the duct called the uterine tube
  • uterine tube has different regions, laterally you have the infundibulum (has finger like projections on the end known as fibrie that help facility the movement of oacyte after ovulation and into the underline tube)
  • reach a more dilated region called the ampulla of the uterine tube
  • isthmus opens into the entrance of uterus
  • uterus made of two regions - body and fundus (dome end, important muscles for birth to help push out foetus)
  • different regions make up the uterus - perimetrium, myometrium, lined by endometrium
  • implantation occurs in the endometrium - where plangenta develops
  • end of uterus is Called the Fornix
  • cervix important for pregnancy - keeps baby inside. - Produced cervical mucus - protects from infection and facilitate movement of spermatizoa
    -mucus changes through ovarian mentration
  • watery during ovulation
  • when progesterone levels go up mucus becomes thicker and prevents movement of sperm into upper regions of the tract
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30
Q

Where does fert take place

A

Ampulla

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31
Q
A
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32
Q

Three regions of the uterine tube

A
  • infundibulum
  • ampulla
  • isthmus
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33
Q

• Most lateral portion of the uterine tube

A

infundibulum

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34
Q

Features of the infundibulum

A

Most lateral portion of the uterine tube
• funnel shaped with finger like projections called fimbriae

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35
Q

Mid-portion: of the uterine tube

A

Mid-portion: ampulla

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36
Q

ampulla features

A
  • mid probation of the uterine tube
  • dilated area where fertilisation occurs (normally)
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37
Q

Most medial portion of the uterine tube

A

isthmus

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38
Q

isthmus features

A
  • most medial portion of the uterine tube
  • means ‘narrow passage’
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39
Q

The uterus sits between the

A

Sigmoid colon and the bladder

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40
Q
A
41
Q
A
42
Q

Perimetrium -

A
  • outer layer (connective tissue)

(Covers bout 2/3rds of the uterus)

43
Q

Myometrium

A

middle layer (smooth muscle)

44
Q

Endometrium

A
  • inner layer (columnar epithelium, uterine glands and arteries)
  • Layer that grows and sheds during menstrual cycle
45
Q

(~metrium means “of the womb”)

A
46
Q
A
47
Q

Is is the ______ layer lost in mentration not the _____ layer

A

Functional
Basal

48
Q
A

Endothelium is highly glandular

49
Q

Cervix - what does the cervical Canal provide ?

A

Cervical canal provides passage between uterine cavity and vagina
- external os
- cervical canal
- internal os

50
Q

What does the cervix do?

A
  • produced carvical mucus (prevents infections)
  • regulates sperm transport (in presence of progesterone mucus may be thick, preventing movement, or watery facilitating movement during ovulation)

(Keeps baby in)

51
Q
A
52
Q

What os the vagina

A

Fibromuscular, distensible female copulatory organ

(Elastic) (rugae help for stretching in birth and sex)

53
Q

Vigana also functions as part of the

A

Birth canal

54
Q

Where does the vagina lie between

A

the urinary bladder & rectum

55
Q

Where does the vagina extend from

A

Extends from the perineum to the cervix

56
Q
A
57
Q

Blood supply of the female reproductive system

A

Blood supply: direct branches off the abdominal aorta and
internal iliac arteries (often anastomose/connect)

58
Q
A
59
Q

Ovarian blood supply

A

Ovarian arteries

60
Q

Uterus arteries

A

uterine artery (note the spiral arteries)

61
Q

Vagaina blood supply

A

Vaginal artery

62
Q

How does the uterine blood supply split

A
63
Q
A
64
Q

The spiral arteries feed the ____ layer

A

Functional

65
Q

Why the spiral arteries are important

A
  • ateries that are modified by trophoblast cells in the formation of the placenta
  • vessels that supply majority of blood loos due to mentration
66
Q

The uterine tubes are made up of three regions:
infundibulum, ___________ and isthmus.

A

Ampulla

67
Q

• Fertilisation normally occurs in the ___________ .

A

Ampulla

68
Q

There are three layers in the uterus: perimetrium,
myometrium and ___________ .

A

Endometrium

69
Q

• The uterus consists of the body (with ___________ )
and the cervix.

A

Fundus

70
Q

The ___________ is a fibromuscular copulatory organ
that also functions as part of the birth canal.

A

Vagaina

71
Q

Ovary are ______ structures

A

Bilateral

72
Q

Where are the ovaries located in relation to the uterus

A

Lateral and posterior

73
Q

Ovaries are the _____ portion of the pelvic cavity

A

Lateral

74
Q

Outer cortex and inner cortex of the aviary

A

Outer cortex (follicles) and
inner medulla (connective
tissue, blood/lymphatic vessels,
nerves)

75
Q

Where do ocytes develop?

A

Within follicles

76
Q

Ovaries are the site of…

A

Site of oogenesis and hormone production (e.g. oestradiol)

77
Q

Where are the ocytes found

A

Cortex of the ovary

78
Q
A
79
Q

As a folllicle develops …

A

It goes through different stages
- primordial
- primary
- sedcoondary
- tertiary (mature

Then becomes corpus luteum then corpus albicans

80
Q

Corpus luteum
- what is it

A
  • an important endocrine organ
  • produced progesterone
  • if no preganancy it will progress and disappear
81
Q

Follicles dont move they stay in one place throughout development

A

Yep

82
Q

Primary ovarian are..

A
  • hormone producting
  • source of estradile
83
Q

Ovarian ligament

A
  • paired structure from lateral surface of uterus to medial surface of the ovary
84
Q

Suspensory ligaments

A
  • from ovary, touch into the uterine tube and carry to abdominal wall
  • carry the main blood supply to the ovary
85
Q

Round ligament

A
  • start at anterior side of uterus and go around and out via langinual canal down to labia Madora - YAP
86
Q

Broad ligament

A

Peritoneum folds and presses over structures to create other ligaments
• Mesometrium (“of the womb/mother”)
• Mesosalpinx (“of the tube”)
• Mesovarium (“of the ovary”)

87
Q
A
88
Q
A
89
Q
A

Peritoneum wraps over only some of the uterus

90
Q

Two pouches from the peritonueam in the female reproductive system

A
91
Q

Function of breasts

A

to nourish infants.

92
Q

Where are breasts

A

Lie on pectoralis major
muscles.

93
Q

What stimulates development of
breast tissue

A

Estradiol and progesterone

94
Q

Boobs are made up of__ supported by___

A

Yappage

Adipose tissue and glands
Suspensory Ligaments

95
Q

Structure of the Breast (Mammary Gland)

A

• Lobes —> lobules —> alveoli —> lactiferous ducts —> lactiferous sinuses that open at nipple pores. (Produce milk)
• Suspensory ligaments support the glands.

96
Q

• The ___________ is the female gonad and is the
source of female gametes (oocytes) and hormones.

A

Ovaries

97
Q

• Oocytes are found within follicles, which are found in
the ___________ of the ovary.

A

Cortex

98
Q

Female reproductive structures are held in place by a
complicated network of ligaments that:

A

• Anchor and support
• Have vasculature and nerves running through them
• Form important anatomical boundaries (i.e. pouches)

HUBS192 (39 decks)

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