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HUBS192 > 22 > Flashcards

22 Flashcards

1
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A
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3
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4
Q

Chyme =

A

Acidic

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5
Q

Is chime acidic or basic

A

Acidic

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6
Q

What gets deleivered to the SI?

A

Acidic chyme

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7
Q

How do we protect the SI from the acidic chyme

A

Protection of epithelium:
- goblet cells on surface
- mucus secreting glands in submucosa (specifically in duodenum)

Neutralise pH:
- bicarbonate (HCO3-) form pancreas

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8
Q

How is epithelium protected in the SI?

A
  • goblet cells on surface
  • mucus secreting glands in submucosa (specifically in duodenum)

（mucus)

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9
Q

How is pH of acidic chyme neutralised in the SI

A
  • bicarbonate (HCO3-) form pancreas

(duct cells pancreas)

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10
Q

😛

A
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11
Q

What is the first part of the SI? How can u tell?

A

Duodenum
- lots of glands

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12
Q

Three main regions of the small intestine:

A
  1. Duodenum: ~25cm
  2. Jejunum: ~2.5m
  3. Ilium: ~3.6m
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13
Q

Total length of small intestine

A

~ 6m

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14
Q
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15
Q

The length / diameter gives the SI its name

A

Diameter

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16
Q

Main role of the duodenum - what it receives

A
  • receives chyme form stomach
  • receives enzymes and bicarbonate from pancreas
  • recieives bile from liver
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17
Q

Main function of jejunum and ilium

A
  • digestion and absorbtion
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18
Q

Where is the initial segment (duodenum) of the small intestine located?

A

Retroperitoneal

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19
Q

What is the small intestine held in place by? What does it allow and what does it prevent?

A

Mesentary
- allows movement
- but prevents tangling

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

Jejuium and ilium are located

A

Intraperitoneal

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22
Q

What does the mesentary contain

A
  • arteries
  • veins
  • nerves
  • lymphatics
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23
Q

Mesentary is made of - yappage
What’s in between it and why

A

Double visceral layer space on inside for arteries and veins and nerves and lymphatics

  • mesenteric artery and vein supply musuclairs and mucosa layer - good for carrying away nutrients absorbed in small intestine
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24
Q

Descriptive words for the mesentary

A
  • shiny
  • slippery
  • moist
  • carries vessels
  • fat
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25
Q

What drains into the mesenteric veins? Where do these drain into?

A

Nutrient rich, deoxygenated blood from the small intestine enters mesenteric veins which
- these drain to the hepatic portal vein

(Only protein and carb breakdowns go into blood)

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26
Q

Lymphatic drainage of si (digestive tract??)

A
  • lymph lacteals (tiny lymphatic vessels in the mucusa) ultimately drain into cisterns chyli, thoracic duct then left subclavian vein

(Breakdowns of fat)

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27
Q
A
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28
Q

Longest region of small intestine

A

Ileum

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29
Q

How does the structure of the small intestine relate to its function

A
  • needs to carry out further digestion and then absorbtion so needs a hUGE surface area
30
Q

How is a huge surface area achieved

A
  • lengths
  • folding of intestinal wall (plicae circulares)
  • extensions of mucosa (villi)
  • extensions of epithelial cells (microvilli)
31
Q

What are plicae circulares and what is their structure

A
  • permanent large folds of small intestine
  • core of submucosa with overlying mucosa
32
Q
A
33
Q

How many villi and where found

A
  • numerous
  • found on the surface of the plicae circulates
34
Q

What is vili made of

A

Mucosa

35
Q

What allows vili to wiggle back and forth

A

Muscularis mucosae

36
Q

Does vili contain blood vessels and lacteals

A

Yes

37
Q

What is the wiggle of the vili needed for

A
  • contact digestion (rather then just luminal digestion)
  • tiny localised movements optimises digestion
38
Q

What is the core of each villus made of? What does each vili contain?

A
  • core of each virus is made of lamina propria

Contains:
- lymphatic lacteal (products of fat digestion)
- capillary network ( products of protein and carbohydrate digestion)

39
Q
A

JUST A SINGLE LACTEAL

40
Q
A
41
Q

What kind of epithelium is of the small intestine

A

Simple columnar

42
Q

The absorbaptivce cells (________) have _____ on apical surface

A

Enterocytes
Microvilli

43
Q

’

A
44
Q

What is microvilli brush boarder

A

Glycocalyx

45
Q

What is the Glycocalyx

A
  • glycopreoins - branched filaments that tether enzymes

(Attached to plasma membrane ?)
- anchor enzymes in place

Contact digestion; involves,es enzymes - attached to brush boarder

46
Q

Two reasons for micro brush boarder.

A

Increase surface area for divestion
Contact digestion

47
Q

The plasma membrane is a

A

Barrier

48
Q

The plasma membrane

A
  • selectively permeable
  • has proteins
    • channels
    • transporter
      (Allows passagE)
49
Q

Pathway across Apical surface and basal surface

A

Trans cellular pathway

50
Q

Pathway between the cells is called

A

Paracellular pathway

51
Q

Features of tight junctions

A

Very tight
Small molecules may diffuse through

52
Q

Location of tight junctions

A

As apical as possible
- right before the microvilli

53
Q

Enterocytes

A

Absorptive cells

54
Q

Goblet cells

A

Secrete mucous for protection

55
Q

Paneth cells

A

granules, antibacterial enzymes
- protect against gut bacteria - look very granular
- bottom of intestinal crypt

56
Q

Endocrine cells

A

secrete hormones

57
Q

Stem cells

A

Make all cell types
- replicating cells pushing upwards or downwards

58
Q

Stem cells Lowkey

A

-

59
Q

This is part of the duodenum

A
60
Q
A
61
Q

What part of small intestine

A

Duodenum

62
Q

IN EXAM KNOW HOW TO DRAW AND EXPLAIN

A
63
Q

What is at the end of the small intestine before the large intestine

A

Ileocecal valve

64
Q

What does the iliocecal valve do?

A
  • regulates the passage of material into the large intestine
65
Q

Once we go from small to large intestine we can’t…

A

Go back

66
Q
A
67
Q
A
68
Q

Large intestine is for

A

Storage and absorption of water and salts

69
Q

How is the small intestine arranged in the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Duodenum (retroperitoneal) receives chyme from stomach & secretions from liver & pancreas. Jejunum, then ileum, which connects to cecum. Mesentery holds SI to body wall and contains vessels.

70
Q

What are the structural specialisations of the
wall of the small intestine?

A

Plicae circulares (permanent folds). Villi, contain lacteals and vessels for absorption, and several epithelial cells along surface and in crypts. Enterocytes have microvilli on surface.
Goblet cells throughout, with submucosal glands in duodenum.

71
Q

What are their roles in digestion and absorption

A

Large SA needed for effective digestion and absorption. Movement of villi, and glycocalyx on microvilli important for digestion.

72
Q

Compare and contrast the structure and function of the stomach and small intestine. Include modifications to the gut tube for these two organs

A

Do this bro its in exam promise

HUBS192 (39 decks)

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