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MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY > 8-OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI > Flashcards

8-OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI Flashcards

1
Q

MOT:

A

inhalation of conidia

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2
Q

Form colonies within

A

several days

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3
Q

soil and decaying matter

A

Saprophytic fungi

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4
Q

Disease caused:

A

Phaehyphomycosis

Hyalohyphomycosis

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5
Q

Inhibited by many

A

antimicrobial agents

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6
Q

Must be repeatedly (?) in patients

A

isolated

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7
Q

Hyphae are

A

hyaline

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8
Q

Conidiogenous cells

A

Phialide

Annellides

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9
Q

Determinate: stops elongating when 1st conidium appears

A

Phialide

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10
Q

Indeterminate: continues to grow even when 1st conidium appears

A

Annellides

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11
Q

arises from pores of the hyphae

A

Poroconidia

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12
Q

glabrous/ velvety

A

DEMATIACEOUS

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13
Q

dark brown to black septate hyphae

A

DEMATIACEOUS

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14
Q

asexual reproduction

A

DEMATIACEOUS

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15
Q

causes Aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus Group

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16
Q

conidiophores terminate in a swollen vesicle

A

Aspergillus Group

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17
Q

Bronchopulmonary Disease: Farmer’s Lung

A

Aspergillus Group

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18
Q

Swimmer’s Ear

A

Aspergillus Group

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19
Q
  • produces one series of structures between vesicle and conidium
A

Uniseriate

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20
Q
  • forms two series of intermediate structures
A

Biseriate

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21
Q
  1. HYALINE SEPTATE
A
  1. Aspergillus Group
  2. Penicillus Group
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22
Q

conidiophores branching into a penicillus

A

Penicillus Group

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23
Q

brush-like arrangement due to branching of conidiophore

A

Penicillus Group

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24
Q

Cottony

A

ZYGOMYCETES/ ASEPTATE

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25
Q

fast growers: 4 or 3 to 5 days

A

ZYGOMYCETES/ ASEPTATE

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26
Q

Sexual/ asexual (sporangiospore)

A

ZYGOMYCETES/ ASEPTATE

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27
Q

few or no septum

A

ZYGOMYCETES/ ASEPTATE

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28
Q

misdiagnosed as bacterial sinusitis

A

Alternaria

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29
Q

easiest to identify among all fungi

A

Curvularia

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30
Q

only cause chronic sinusitis on immunocompetent px

A

Curvularia

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31
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis

A

Alternaria

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32
Q

sinusitis, asthma, osteomyelitis, eye and ear infection

A

Alternaria

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33
Q

respiratory infections, meningistis, osteomyelitis

A

Bipolaris

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34
Q

allergies, onychomycosis, endocarditis

A

Curvularia

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35
Q

mycotic keratitis, allergies

A

Drechslera

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36
Q

shades of brown to black

A

Alternaria

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37
Q

cottony and dirty gray to black

A

Curvularia

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38
Q

Poroconidia: club shaped

A

Alternaria

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39
Q

Poroconidia: aranged acropetally

A

Alternaria

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40
Q

with transverse and longitudinal septa

A

Alternaria

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41
Q

Conidiophores: geniculate (bent knee)

A

Bipolaris

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42
Q

Conidia: sympodial and indeterminate

A

Bipolaris

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43
Q

Conidia: pea pod shaped

A

Bipolaris

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44
Q

Hyphae: dematiaceous septate with thin walls

A
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45
Q

Conidia: with transverse septum shaped like ellipse
3 to 5 cells

A

Curvularia

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46
Q

“crescent roll”

A

Curvularia

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47
Q

Conidiophores: single, branched and geniculate

A

Drechslera

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48
Q

Conidia: sympodial indeterminate

A

Drechslera

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49
Q

skin allergies

A

Epicoccum

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50
Q

Hyphae: intertwined and branched together

A

Epicoccum

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51
Q

Conidiophore: short

A

Epicoccum

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52
Q

Conidia: globose to subglobose

A

Epicoccum

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53
Q

clinically significant

A

Fusarium

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54
Q

can be isolated

A

Fusarium

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55
Q

most famous opportunistic fungi

A

Fusarium

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56
Q

infected contact lenses; affected 100 individuals

A

Fusarium

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57
Q

keratitis, onychomycosis, fungemia (blood)

A

Fusarium

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58
Q

endocarditis, keratitis

A

Helminthosporium

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59
Q

keratitis

A

Nigrospora

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60
Q

Rose to mauve to purple to yellow

A

Fusarium

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61
Q

Hyphae: intertwined and branched together

A

Epicoccum

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62
Q

Conidiophore: short Conidia: globose to subglobose

A

Epicoccum

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63
Q

no conidiophores

A

Fusarium

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64
Q

abundant macroconidia with fewer microconidia

A

Fusarium

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65
Q

Conidiophore: determinate, straight

A

Helminthosporium

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66
Q

Conidia: slightly curved with a tapering end

A

Helminthosporium

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67
Q

Conidia: dark and oval (most distinct appearance)

A

Nigrospora

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68
Q

attached to the conidiophore at its side

A

Nigrospora

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69
Q

kidney-like arrangement

A

Nigrospora

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70
Q

colonization, allergy, disseminated infection, toxicity

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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71
Q

due to toxin production

A

Aspergillus flavus

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72
Q

otomycosis, aspergilloma, nasal sinus infection

A

Aspergillus niger

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73
Q

invasive disseminated aspergillosis meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis

A

Aspergillus terreus

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74
Q

smallest Asperigilli

A

Aspergillus terreus

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75
Q

SABHI: granular/fluffy or powdery growth within 2 days or (3-6 days: flat white colonies)

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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76
Q

Culture Media: Modified SDA with chloramphenicol or gentamicin

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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77
Q

w/ Abs: to inhibit bacte growth

A

Culture Media

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78
Q

Czapek’s Agar (mostly used)

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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79
Q

with magnesium and ferrous sulfate with sucrose and potassium salts to enhance pigmentation

A

Czapek’s Agar

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80
Q

w/ Incubator at 500oC

A

Czapek’s Agar

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81
Q

grows at 500 C

A

Czapek’s Agar

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82
Q

usually a Hospital Acquired Infection

A

OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI

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83
Q

affects immunosuppressed patients (ex. AIDS, HIV, diabetes)

A

OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI

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84
Q

rapid growers

A

OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI
Alternaria
Fusarium

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85
Q

Significant

A

OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI

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86
Q

Can be contaminants

A

OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI

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87
Q

Used to confirm diagnosis

A

OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI

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88
Q

Microscopic identification (not limited to macroscopic or colonies)

A

OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI

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89
Q

(dematiacious fungi; involves skin and subcutaneous)

A

Phaehyphomycosis

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90
Q

(forms hyphae)

A

Hyalohyphomycosis

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91
Q
  • where conidia arises
A

Conidiogenous cells

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92
Q

: produces conidia

A

asexual reproduction

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93
Q

treatment: antibiotic

A

Alternaria

94
Q

seen in grasses/leaves

A

Alternaria

95
Q

seen in grass/leaves, decaying vegetations

A

Curvularia

96
Q

with tail

A

Drechslera

97
Q

growth upwards/youngest cell is at the tip

A

Alternaria

98
Q

pea pod shaped

A

Bipolaris

99
Q

clinically significant

A

Fusarium

100
Q

can be isolated

A

Fusarium

101
Q

most famous opportunistic fungi

A

Fusarium

102
Q

Culture: grows at 370 C

A

Aspergillus flavus

103
Q

SDA: 3 – 6 days; yellow to yellowgreen pigment

A

Aspergillus flavus

104
Q

Culture: grows at 25 – 370 C

A

Aspergillus niger

105
Q

SDA: 2 – 6 days; flat and white with jet black conidia

A

Aspergillus niger

106
Q

Resembles sprinkled “black pepper” (same w/ P. notatum)

A

SDA

107
Q

Culture: 25 – 300 C

A

Aspergillus terreus

108
Q

SDA: 5 – 10 days; heavy sporulation

A

Aspergillus terreus

109
Q

Hyphae: broad, branches at 450

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

110
Q

Conidiophores: smooth walled, light green or brown

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

111
Q

with foot cell

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

112
Q

Vesicles: flask shaped, uniseriate flaskshaped phialides

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

113
Q

Phialoconidia: round and echinulate

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

114
Q

Stain: LCPB

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

115
Q

looks like a child who stuck his finger in a live socket

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

116
Q

Hyphae: broad, with foot cell

A

Aspergillus flavus

117
Q

Conidiophores: thick-walled, coarsely roughened

A

Aspergillus flavus

118
Q

Vesicles: large and globose, biseriate

A

Aspergillus flavus

119
Q

Phialoconodia: unicellular and globose

A

Aspergillus flavus

120
Q

Hyphae: similar to others

A

Aspergillus niger

121
Q

Conidiophores: same with A. fumigatus, longest

A

Aspergillus niger

122
Q

Vesicles: spherical, biseriate, jetblack

A

Aspergillus niger

123
Q

Phialides: flask-shaped

A

Aspergillus niger

124
Q

Phialoconidia: produced basipetally

A

Aspergillus niger

125
Q

same with A. flavus

A

Aspergillus terreus

126
Q

Vesicle: dome shaped, biseriate

A

Aspergillus terreus

127
Q

Cause: Chronic Fungal Sinusitis

A

Penicillium

128
Q

Seen everywhere

A

Penicillium

129
Q

Confused as Penicillium

A

Paecilomyces

130
Q

rarely cause infections

A

Penicillium

131
Q

contaminant in hospitals, pulmonary infections

A

Paecilomyces

132
Q

contaminant, onychomycosis

A

Scopulariopsis

133
Q

usually 4 days (rapid growers)

A

Penicillium

134
Q

except Penicillium marneffei, 2 weeks

A

Penicillium

135
Q

velvety to powdery

A

Penicillium

136
Q

colonies: blue-green with white reverse

A

Penicillium

137
Q

3 to 4 days (rapid growers)

A

Paecilomyces

138
Q

Flat, granular to velvety colonies in shades of tan, brownish gold, or mauve

A

Paecilomyces

139
Q

o Serious care must be taken

A

Paecilomyces

140
Q

o BSC w/ heap filter

A

Paecilomyces

141
Q

2 – 4 days

A

Scopulariopsis

142
Q

velvety to powdery

A

Scopulariopsis

143
Q

Hyphae: thin Conidiophores: erect, penicillus, with secondary phialide

A

Penicillium

144
Q

Phialoconidia: basipetal growth

A

Penicillium

145
Q

Hyphae: hyaline septate

A

Paecilomyces

146
Q

Conidiophores: erect with irregular branching

A

Paecilomyces

147
Q

o with metullae and phialides

A

Paecilomyces

148
Q

o phialides have long tapering necks

A

Paecilomyces

149
Q

Phialoconidia: produced at the tips

A

Paecilomyces

150
Q

Hyphae: broad

A

Scopulariopsis

151
Q

Annellophores: short septate

A

Scopulariopsis

152
Q

o cannot be distinguished from hyphae

A

Scopulariopsis

153
Q

o resembles Penicillium

A

Scopulariopsis

154
Q

Annellides: cylindrical or flask-shaped

A

Scopulariopsis

155
Q

Annelloconidia: basipetal growth, pyriform (pearshaped) - with nipple-like projections

A

Scopulariopsis

156
Q

Contaminant (hospital)

A

Acremonium
Trichoderma

157
Q

Hyalohyphomycosis
CM: pulmonary and skin infections

A

Trichoderma

158
Q

non-pathogenic

A

Gliocladium

Sepedonium

159
Q

Recovered in the environment worldwide

A

Trichoderma

160
Q

waxy, velvety with pink reverse

A

Acremonium

161
Q

4 – 5 days covering the plate with flat white colonies growth

A

Trichoderma

162
Q

Hyphae: delicate and thin forming intertwining ropes

A

Acremonium

163
Q

Phialophores: slender, upright or at right angle; long and tapering at the tip

A

Acremonium

164
Q

Phialoconidia: unicellular, egg-shaped in clusters

A

Acremonium

165
Q

Hyphae: thin

A

Trichoderma

166
Q

Phialophores: short and erect, branching at right angle; swells at the center and tapers at the tip

A

Trichoderma

167
Q

Phialoconidia: subglobose to elliptical in clusters

A

Trichoderma

168
Q

Conidia: green

A

Trichoderma

169
Q

Rarely causes disease

A

Chrysosporium

170
Q

Recovered in nails

A

Chrysosporium

171
Q

adiaspiromycosis
hyalohyphomycosis

A

Chrysosporium

172
Q

(enlargement of conidia in tisue without replication)

A

adiaspiromycosis

173
Q

6 days, floccose and flat + thick or gray or tan pigment

A

Chrysosporium

174
Q

Hyphae: with spiral vegetative structures

A

Chrysosporium

175
Q

Conidiophores: similar to hyphae

A

Chrysosporium

176
Q

Conidia: one-celled, clavate; with numerous arthroconidia

A

Chrysosporium

177
Q

Mucor + Rhizopus

A

Rhizomucor

178
Q

Most common-causing human disease

A

Rhizopus

179
Q

Patients w/ diabetic and ketoacidosis

A

Rhizopus

180
Q

May also be fatal to healthy patients

A

Rhizopus

181
Q

Rarely causes human disease

A

Syncephalastrum

182
Q

Cutaneous infections

A

Syncephalastrum

183
Q

Resembles Aspergillus

A

Syncephalastrum

184
Q

Rhinocerebralzygomycoses

A

Mucor

185
Q

Young: Cottony, dirty white colonies

A

Mucor

186
Q

Mature: Mousy brown to gray

A

Mucor

187
Q

salt and pepper colony surface (covers the entire agar)

A

Rhizopus

188
Q

woolly, cottony

A

Rhizopus

189
Q

Young: white
Mature: gray to brown

A

Rhizopus

190
Q

Resembles a test tube which contains a stack of marbles inside

A

Syncephalastrum

191
Q

Columellae: cone-shaped with a pointed apex; resembles a Hershey’s Kiss

A

Absidia

192
Q

Rhizoid: rudimentary

A

Absidia

Rhizomucor

Syncephalastrum

193
Q

Rhizoids: well developed

A

Rhizopus

194
Q

Rhizoids: none

A

Mucor

195
Q

Sporangiophore: long and straight, with collarette

A

Mucor

196
Q

Columellae: varying shapes

A

Mucor

197
Q

Sporangium: globose

A

Mucor

198
Q

Hyphae: widest hyphae among others

A

Rhizomucor

199
Q

Sporangiophores: arise irregularly, intermodal; with collarette; without apophysis

A

Rhizomucor

200
Q

Columellae: globose

A

Rhizomucor

201
Q

Sporangium: round and black

A

Rhizomucor

202
Q

Columellae: hemispherical with a flattened base; when mature, it bends resembling an up-side-down umbrella

A

Rhizopus

203
Q

Merosporangium: resembles tubes or fingers that radiate from the around the vesicle

A

Syncephalastrum

204
Q

Hyphae: thin walled; branching at right angles

A

Absidia

205
Q

Sporangiophore: 2- 5 internodal group; apophysis remains when sporangium ruptures; with collarette

A

Absidia

206
Q

Sporangium: pyriform, becomes brown or gray with age

A

Absidia

207
Q

Hyphae: thick walled

A

Mucor

208
Q

Hyphae: thin walled

A

Rhizopus

209
Q

Sporangiophores: light brown, long and straight; nodal; with apophysis

A

Rhizopus

210
Q

Sporangium: with varying size and with flattened base

A

Rhizopus

211
Q

Hyphae: not as wide as other

A

Syncephalastrum

212
Q

Zygomycetes: branches at right angles

A

Syncephalastrum

213
Q

Sporangiophores: arise sympodially; long and erect; branches are short and curved; enlarges to a swollen vesicle

A

Syncephalastrum

214
Q

Hershey’s

A

Absidia

215
Q

Internodal

A

Absidia

Rhizomucor

216
Q

Rudimentary

A

Absidia

Rhizomucor

Syncephalastrum

217
Q

Arched stolon

A

Absidia

218
Q

Variable

A

Mucor

219
Q

Solitary

A

Mucor

220
Q

None

A

Mucor

221
Q

No apophysis

A

Mucor

222
Q

Globose

A

Rhizomucor

223
Q

Wide hyphae

A

Rhizomucor

224
Q

Hemispherical

A

Rhizopus

225
Q

Nodal

A

Rhizopus

226
Q

Well developed

A

Rhizopus

227
Q

Columella collapses

A

Rhizopus

228
Q

Round vesicle

A

Syncephalastrum

229
Q

Straight, branching

A

Syncephalastrum

230
Q

Merosporangia

A

Syncephalastrum

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY (24 decks)

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