Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY > PICORNAVIRIDAE > Flashcards

PICORNAVIRIDAE Flashcards

1
Q

Enveloped; icosahedral, [?]-stranded

A

single

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Small (from the Italian word [?], meaning small)

A

piccolo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diameter:

A

27–30 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

Non-enveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Capsid: naked icosahedral made up of [?] protein subunits

A

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Genome: single linear molecule of

A

single-stranded RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

First animal virus to be purified and obtained in crystalline form

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diameter: 27 nm

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Virion: 60 subunits, each consisting of four viral proteins (VP1–VP4)

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

: major antigenic site for combination with typespecific neutralizing antibodies

A

POLIO VIRUS

Viral protein VP1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Viral genome: single-stranded positive-sense RNA

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Absorbs only to the intestinal epithelial cells and motor neuron cells of the CNS

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

small nonenveloped viruses with an icosahedral configuration

A

COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

: 23 serotypes 124 (23 is missing)

A

coxsackievirus A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

: 6 serotypes 1–6

A

coxsackievirus B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Small nonenveloped viruses with an icosahedral configuration

A

COXSACKIE

ECHO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Consisting of 29 serotypes

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Optimal growth: pH 3-10

A

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Resistant to ether and alcohol

A

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Causative agents in outbreaks of aseptic meningitis

A

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Epidemics of viral disorders with fever and rash in young children

A

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MOT:
fecal oral route
aerosol inhalation
fomites

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Body: Multiplies in the tonsils and Peyer’s patch of the ileum → Spreads to regional lymph nodes and enters the blood (primary viremia) → Multiplication of virus in the reticuloendothelial cells and invades the blood stream again (secondary viremia) → Crosses the blood–brain barrier → Destruction of motor neurons (paralysis of the muscles)

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Generally initiated in the gastrointestinal tract

A

COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

MOT: fecal-oral transmission

A

COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Prevalence: Poor sanitation, low socioeconomic status, crowded living conditions, immunocompromised patients

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Mainly affects children

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Major public health problem in developing countries

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Endemic (2003): Afghanistan, Egypt, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, and India

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Epidemic and endemic patterns

A

COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Recovered much more frequently in the summer and early fall

A

COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS

ENTERO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Age: Young children are the reservoir of the virus

A

COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Epidemic and endemic patterns

A

COCX

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Infection rates vary with the season, geography, and the age and socioeconomic status of the population sampled

A

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

ECHOVIRUS

was predominant

A

Echovirus 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Age: children younger than 15 years (threequarters) – WHO

A

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Sex: Male (50%)

A

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Stable (does not withstand freeze-drying)

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Inactivated at 55°C for 30 minutes (sensitive to heat)

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Survive in feces for days to several weeks at room temperature, for months at 4°C, for years at -20°C

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Incubation Period: 3 to 6 days (non-paralytic), 7 to 21 days (paralytic)

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Acute infections: infections of the oropharynx and the gut

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Chronic infections: viraemia and spread of infection to CNS

A

POLIO VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Incubation period: 10-14 days

A

COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Symptoms:
- Fever
- Mouth Sores
- Sore throat

A

COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Incubation period: 2-7 days

A

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Symptoms:
- Croup
- Mouth Sores
- Skin rashes
- Sore throat

A

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

: appear within a week of infection, persist for nearly 6 months

A

Serum IgM antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

: persist lifelong

A

IgG antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

: provide mucosal immunity against the virus, protects the infants from infection (breast milk)

A

Secretary IgA antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Isolation of virus: throat swabs, stools, rectal swabs, CSF

A

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Immunofluorescence assay and ELISA

A

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Viral cultivation: cell cultures

A

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR)

A

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Congenital and neonatal diseases, myocarditis/pericarditis, febrile illness with rash, meningitis

A

ECHOVIRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

90% or 90-95%

A
  1. Asymptomatic polio
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Caused of viral infection to the oropharynx and intestine

A
  1. Asymptomatic polio
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

5%

A
  1. Minor Polio or Abortive Polio
59
Q

Temporary fever, headache, sore throat, loss of appetite, vomiting, abdominal pain

A
  1. Minor Polio or Abortive Polio
60
Q

Duration: 5 days

A
  1. Minor Polio or Abortive Polio
61
Q

3% or 1-2%

A
  1. Non-paralytic Polio (Aseptic meningitis)
62
Q

Viruses invading the CNS and meninges

A
  1. Non-paralytic Polio (Aseptic meningitis)
63
Q

Symptoms: muscle spasms, back pain (Similar to abortive polio but more intense)

A
  1. Non-paralytic Polio (Aseptic meningitis)
64
Q

0.1–2%

A
  1. Paralytic Polio
65
Q

Paralytic poliomyelitis

A
  1. Paralytic Polio
66
Q

Bulbar poliomyelitis

A
  1. Paralytic Polio
67
Q

Viruses invade the spinal cord and motor cortex of the brain
limiting nerve impulse conduction (paralysis)

A

Paralytic poliomyelitis

68
Q

Brain stem and medulla are infected

A

Bulbar poliomyelitis

69
Q

Paralysis of limbs and respiratory muscles

A

Bulbar poliomyelitis

70
Q

20-80%

A
  1. Postpolio syndrome (30 – 40 years after)
71
Q

Crippling deterioration of the affected muscles due to age-related aggravation of nerve damage

A
  1. Postpolio syndrome (30 – 40 years after)
72
Q

Acute aseptic meningitis

A

COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS

73
Q

Herpangina

A

COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS

74
Q

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease

A

COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS

75
Q

Good personal and hospital hygiene, proper sanitation

A

POLIO VIRUS

76
Q

Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) by Jonas Salk (intramuscular)

A

POLIO VIRUS

77
Q

Oral polio vaccine (OPV) by Albert Sabin

A

POLIO VIRUS

78
Q

Handwashing

A

COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS

79
Q

Currently, no vaccines are available

A

COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUS

ENTERO

RHINO

80
Q

Administration of immune globulin for infants

A

ECHOVIRUS

81
Q

No antiviral drugs

A

ECHOVIRUS

82
Q

Also known as Hepatitis A virus

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

83
Q

Small, approximately 25-30 nm in diameter

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

84
Q

Icosahedral in shape

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

85
Q

Non-enveloped

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

HEPATITIS A

86
Q

Picornaviridae

A

HEPATITIS A

87
Q

Single-stranded RNA genome

A

HEPATITIS A

88
Q

small, non-enveloped icosahedral viruses, single-stranded RNA virus.

A

RHINOVIRUS

89
Q

high genetic diversity, with more than 150 serotypes.

A

RHINOVIRUS

90
Q

Sensitive to acid pH

A

RHINOVIRUS

91
Q

Optimal growth at 33 C in pH 7

A

RHINOVIRUS

92
Q

Causes mild nausea and diarrhea in adults

A
93
Q

Diseases can be more severe in neonate

A

ENTEROVIRUS

94
Q

MOT
-alimentary canal
-aerosol inhalation
-fomites
-fecal-oral
-virus can spread to the spinal cord, heart and skin

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

95
Q

Targets the liver, causing inflammation.

A

HEPATITIS A

96
Q

MOT
-fecal-oral route, entering the body through contaminated food or water

A

HEPATITIS A

97
Q

primarily infect the upper respiratory tract

A

RHINOVIRUS

98
Q

MOT
respiratory secretions, direct contact thru the nasopharynx

A

RHINOVIRUS

99
Q

Host Defenses:
-Interferon
-gastric acidity
-temperature

A

RHINOVIRUS

100
Q

Occurs during summer and early fall

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

101
Q

More prevalent in areas with poor sanitation

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

102
Q

Endemic worldwide

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

103
Q

Global distribution

A

HEPATITIS A

104
Q

Poor sanitation areas are more susceptible to outbreaks

A

HEPATITIS A

105
Q

spread primarily through respiratory droplets

A

RHINOVIRUS

106
Q

most common in the fall and spring, but they can occur throughout the year

A

RHINOVIRUS

107
Q

Major cause of common cold (55% cases)

A

RHINOVIRUS

108
Q

Cultured from pharyngeal specimens (1 to 2 weeks)

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

109
Q

Isolated from feces for as long as 6 weeks

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

110
Q

Specimens from the throat, feces, rectum, CSF, conjunctiva

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

111
Q

Incubation period: few weeks

A

HEPATITIS A

112
Q

Symptoms: fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, jaundice

A

HEPATITIS A

113
Q

Asymptomatic

A

HEPATITIS A

114
Q

Mild, self-limited condition to a more severe form

A

HEPATITIS A

115
Q

Mild illness with symptoms appearing 2-3 days post-exposure

A

RHINOVIRUS

116
Q

The incubation period for rhinovirus infection typically ranges from 1 to 3 days.

A

RHINOVIRUS

117
Q

Symptoms:
o Profuse watery nasal discharge
o Headache
o malaise
o sneezing
o congestion
o sore throat
o cough

A

RHINOVIRUS

118
Q

Serologic testing for the presence of IgM antibody with ELISA can be used for suspect cases of infection and has been used as an epidemiologic tool in outbreaks.

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

119
Q

Lifelong immunity

A

HEPATITIS A

120
Q

Not susceptible to reinfection

A

HEPATITIS A

121
Q

Serological tests may detect antibodies

A

RHINOVIRUS

122
Q

IgM antibodies are typically detectable within 1-2 weeks of infection

A

RHINOVIRUS

123
Q

IgG antibodies are typically detectable for several months or years

A

RHINOVIRUS

124
Q

Hepatitis with short incubation period

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

125
Q

are responsible for a variety of diseases and conditions, including

Paralytic polio
Aseptic meningitis
Encephalitis

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

126
Q

o most common among infants and children

A

Aseptic meningitis

127
Q

o symptoms: headache, fever, nuchal rigidity

A

Aseptic meningitis

128
Q

o patients may appear lethargic or obtunded

A

Aseptic meningitis

129
Q

paralytic poliomyelitis

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

130
Q

encephalitis

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

131
Q

In addition to respiratory illness: myocarditis, and pericarditis

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

132
Q

Common cold

A

RHINOVIRUS

133
Q

Respiratory illnesses including otitis media, sinusitis, Exacerbations of asthma and COPD

A

RHINOVIRUS

134
Q

Ensure safe water supply, proper waste disposal

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

135
Q

No vaccines are availablem

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

136
Q

Good personal and hospital hygiene and proper sanitation

A

ENTEROVIRUSES

137
Q

Prevention:
Vaccination

A

HEPATITIS A

138
Q

Prevention:
Effective and long-lasting protection

A

HEPATITIS A

139
Q

Prevention:
Practicing good hygiene, especially proper handwashing

A

HEPATITIS A

140
Q

Risk Groups: Travelers to regions with high endemicity, men who have sex with men, people who use injection or non-injection drugs

A

HEPATITIS A

141
Q

Public Health Measures: Vaccination campaigns, improved sanitation, education on proper hygiene practices to reduce the risk of transmission

A

HEPATITIS A

142
Q

No vaccine available

A

RHINOVIRUS

143
Q

Hand hygiene to prevent spread

A

RHINOVIRUS

144
Q

Respiratory etiquette

A

RHINOVIRUS

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions