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Phgy 455 > WEEK 1 - STROKE pt 2 > Flashcards

WEEK 1 - STROKE pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

how many fluid systems do we have in the brain?

A

3

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2
Q

what are the fluid systems in the brain

A
  • vascular (blood)
    -extracellular space
    -CSF
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3
Q

what is the role of the vascular system

A

transport oxygen and energy

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4
Q

which blood vessels are we talking baout with the vascular system

A

ANT cerebral a
MID cerebral a
POST cerebral a
** note arteries AND veins

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5
Q

which cerebral artery is most common for. astroke?

A

middle

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6
Q

which cerebral artery supplies ,ajority of the lateral aspect of the brain

A

midd!e

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7
Q

whta is in the extracellular space

A

collagen fibers
multiadhesive matrix proteins

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8
Q

what IS the extracellular space

A

Microscopic space between brain cells (between neurons and glia)

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9
Q

what is the role of extracellular psace

A

provide energy and oxygen

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10
Q

true or false vascular system contains neurons

A
  • false tahts extracellular
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11
Q

are brain cells , neurons , and neurocells interchangeable

A

yes = they all mena the smae thing

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12
Q

where is the CSF system

A

ventricles and subarachnoid space

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13
Q

POP QUIZ FOR ANAT:
between what two meningeal layers is the subarachnoid space

A

below arachnoid and above pia
= real space

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14
Q

what is the role of the csf system

A

regulation of neural cells’ environment and protection

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15
Q

what are the 3 barriers to protect the braibn

A
  1. meninges
  2. blood brain barrier
  3. CSF
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16
Q

true or false these protections exist throughout the entire BODY

A

false, only the brain :)
i guess it can also be the spinal chord without the BBB

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17
Q

what are the 3 layers to meninges

A

dura
arachnoid
pia

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18
Q

the spider like membrane and hosues blood vessels (meningeal layer ) is …

A

arachnoid

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19
Q

the me ningeal layer taht enveloppes teh brain is

A

pia

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20
Q

the touch meningeal layer that hels absorb external shock is

A

dura

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21
Q

where does csf flow

A

subarachnoid space

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22
Q

true or false the meninges line the PNS

A

false , the cns braina nd spinal chord

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23
Q

what is the BBB made of

A

tight network of capillaries and endothelial cells

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24
Q

can lipids pass throught he BBB

A

yes, it prevents non lipids

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25
Q

how do non lipid soluble molecules recah the brain ex: glucose

A

membrane transport mechanisms or ion channels

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26
Q

what doe steh BBB protect

A

neurons from blood-borne
neurotransmitters,
toxic substances and antibiotics.

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27
Q

antibiotics are improtant for some conditons… like meningitis how do we get it to the brain

A

find a wya to bind the antibiotics to glucose so that it can use the same cahnnels

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28
Q

what produces CSF

A

choroid plexus

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29
Q

where are choroid plexus located

A

in all ventricles

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30
Q

true or false : csf contains blood cells , protein and is coloureless

A

false : first two are wrong but it is colourless

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31
Q

what structures allow csf to reach the dural venous sinues

A

the arachnoid granulations

32
Q

as pts and ots what is one symptoms we have ot look out for when a patient underwent a meningyoma surgery?

A

leaky nose = lekaing csf

33
Q

the CSF in ventircles is very simolar to what other system

A

lymphatic

34
Q

what cells does glymphatic system have

A

glial cells

35
Q

what is teh role of glial cells in glymphatic system

A

remove brain waste during sleep especially

36
Q

why do glial cells remove the most brain waste during sleep?

A

lots more CSF production while asleep

37
Q

true or false parkinsons and alzeihemers patients have an elevated CSF flow and increased brain waste

A

false = reduced flow

38
Q

3 roles of CSF

A
  • Maintains constant environment for cells of Central Nervous System
  • Removes brain metabolites/waste

-Serves as a mechanical cushion

39
Q

what is an aneurism

A

Abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery

arterial pressure fills space and pressure damages brain areas

40
Q

name two types of stroke

A

ischemic
hemmhoragic

41
Q

what are the two types of ischemic

A

thrombotic
embolic

42
Q

name the stroke: blood clot occludes cerebral artery

A

thrombotic, ischemic

43
Q

name the stroke: Blood clo tbreaks off from somewhere in the body and travels to smaller cerebral arteries where it occludes blood flow to the brain.

A

embolic, ischemic

44
Q

true or false thrombotic and embolic are type sof hemmoragic strokes

A

false , ischemic

45
Q

which imaging can we use to diagnose a stroke

A

cT and mri

46
Q

a hemorrhagic stroke is:

A

Rupture of blood vessel within the brain

47
Q

how to treat ischemic stroke

A

TPA = bust the clot

48
Q

how to treat hemoragghci stroke

A

surgery

49
Q

the ischemic stroke is more intense tan hemmorahic stroke

A

false

50
Q

what is CVA

A

stroke

51
Q

absence of oxygen in the brain is …

A

anoxia

52
Q

low or insufficient oxygen reaching the brain is ….

A

hypoxia

53
Q

true or false : hypoxia rapidly produces cell death neurons die within 5 min

A

false : ANOXIA doe sthat

54
Q

hypoxia may kill cells more ____

A

slowly

55
Q

Drowning,choking,cardiacarrest,headtraumaandcarbonmonoxidepoisoningcanallleadto

A

hypoxia

56
Q

name some fo the instance sthat can lead to hypoxia

A

drowning
choking
cardiac arrest
head trauma
CO poisening

57
Q

what are symtpms associated with hypoxia

A

inatentiveness
poor judgement
memory lsos
decreas ein motor coordination

58
Q

apoptosis is also known as

A

programmed cell death

59
Q

apoptosis a a lack of …

A

oxygen and glucose

60
Q

what happens when neurons dont get oxygen and glucose

A

dysregulation of ATP

61
Q

disregulation of ATP leads to

A

activation of caspase 3

62
Q

activation of caspase 3 leads to

A

APOPTOSIS = cell death

63
Q

secondary cell death is caused when

A

-brain damage
- increased gliaal cell to remove waste
decrease Growth hormone and increase growth inhibiting molecules
-damage to almost all local neurons

64
Q

when neurons die what do they release

A

glutamate

65
Q

an increased amoutn of glutamate causes what

A

neighbouring neurons ot die

66
Q

when neighbouring neurons die due to increased glutamaate this is known as :

A

excitotoxicity

67
Q

Lost brain cells are replaced by glial cells , this is known as

A

glial scarring

68
Q

what is not good about glial scarring

A
  • glial cells impede regrowth of neurons = take up space
    -glial cells release growth inhibiting molecules = impeded axon regrowth
69
Q

immune activation and inflammatiowhat can happen when damage or failure of BBb

A

invasion of immune cells

70
Q

why dont we want immune cells in the brain

A

causes inflammationa nd edema
edema can lead to hypoxia

71
Q

what type of cells release inflammatory substances due to injury of the brain

A

monocytes and macrophages

72
Q

brocas area is in charge of…

A

speech

73
Q

middle cerebral artery sypplies hwich lobes

A

frontal
parieral
temporal
on lateral aspect

74
Q

neural cell death can be caused by

A

damage to the brain

75
Q
A

Phgy 455 (19 decks)

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