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Phgy 455 > WEEK 7- long covid > Flashcards

WEEK 7- long covid Flashcards

1
Q

Sars cov 2 enters the body via repiraoty aiways and penetrates the cell via which receptor

A

ACE2

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2
Q

sars cov 2 enters which system in out body first

A

oral and respiratory system

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3
Q

How does sars cov 2 invade the body?

A

tehre are ace2 receptors all over
in different organs inclusing the brain!

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4
Q

true or false, if our body is good at fighting teh virus sars cov 2 is ingetsed by antigen presenting cell

A

true

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5
Q

true or false , if all doesnt go well and our body is having a hard time fighting the virus, it will invade other organs in our body

A

true

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6
Q

true or false :
The brain is among the affected organs showing significant loss of grey matter (averaging 2%) resembling 10 years of normal aging.

A

true

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7
Q

which part of the brain is “atrophied” with the virus

A

grey matter

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8
Q

what are some of teh hallmark features of cerebral atrophy (4)

A

enlarged ventricles
cortical thinning
volume loss
sulcal widening

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9
Q

what is TMS ?

A

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

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10
Q

how does a TMS work

A

coil applied to brain and magnetic current is indiced and becomes an electric current in the brain where were able to stimulate the coticospinal neurons and flows in the motor system and then it can activate the muscle

we use an emg the electrical activity of the muscle

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11
Q

what were some findings of brain and covid with TMS sti ulation? PC 19 (post covid 19)

A

it was found that adults living with PC19 have

  • Higher resting motor thresholds
  • Smaller motor evoked potential
    (MEP) amplitudes
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12
Q

what does having
* Higher resting motor thresholds AND
* Smaller motor evoked potential
(MEP) amplitudes
idicate

A

This indicates reduced
excitability of the motor cortex.

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13
Q

what does * Higher resting motor thresholds mean in the TMS study

A

more current needed to produce the same muscular response

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14
Q

what is a general takeaway from the tms study?

A

reduced excitibility of the cortical regions != slowed down processes of motor actions and cognitive processes

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15
Q

true or false long covid has many names

A

true

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16
Q

is PC19 the same as long covid

A

yes

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17
Q

give a brief explanation fo what long covid is

A
  • probable or confirmed diagnisis of covid 19
    -3 months from teh onset of c19
  • symptims that last for mre than 2 months

some symptoms are :
fatigue, shortness of breath, cognitive dysfunction

some symptoms may be new after recovery or never goa way from inital infection

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18
Q

true or fasle there is a “long covid test”

A

no , It does not yet have objective accepted diagnostic tests or biomarkers.

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19
Q

true or false symptoms last for 3 months or more consitenlty to be condered long covid

A

false, symptoms must be present for at least 2 months but can also fluctuate or relapse over time.

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20
Q

is brain fog the same as cognitive dysfuntion

A

yes

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21
Q

how many people around have been diagnosed with covid 19 wolrd wide

A

over 600 million

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22
Q

which covid strain became the dominant strain in nov 20121

A

omicron

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23
Q

true or false Vaccination is having a substantial impact on case numbers & hospitalizations

A

true

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24
Q

what does vaccination help with ( 2 thinsg)

A

case numbers
hospitiliaztaions

25
Q

_____% of people will continue to have symptoms 12 weeks after infection (worldwide)

A

30

26
Q

______% will still have symptoms after one year (world wide)

A

5

27
Q

in canada ___ in ____ have symptoms for up to 5 weeks

A

1 in 5

28
Q

in canada _____ in______ will have post covid 19 condition

A

1 in 10

29
Q

how many cases about in canada

A

around 400 thoudand

30
Q

true or false there are many symptoms involved in long covid

A

true

31
Q

why are there a wide range of symtoms in long covid

A

becuz ace2 receptors are found all ofver the bpody so yehy acn affcet multiple systems

32
Q

what are some f teh common sysmtoms

A

fatigue
dyspnea
cough
joint pain
reduced long capacity
ANS dysregulation

33
Q

long covid has main symtoms that are part of which system

A

the nervous system
fatigue
post exertional malaise
brain fog
headcahes
sensorimotor symptoms

34
Q

what are risk factors for PC19

A
  • Older age
  • Female sex
  • Being a healthcare worker
  • Smoking
  • Vaping
  • Obesity
  • Hospitalization with COVID-19
35
Q

what is post exertional malaise

A

Worsening of symptoms that can follow minimal cognitive, physical, emotional, or social activity, or activity that could previously be tolerated.

36
Q

when do symptoms worsen for PEM

A

symptoms typically worsen 12 to 72 hours after activity and can last for days or even weeks, sometimes leading to a relapse.

37
Q

true or false PEM can contribute to the episodic nature of disability in post COVID-19 condition

A

true

38
Q

true or false drining plenty of water can cure PEM

A

false , there is no cure

39
Q

Post COVID-19 Condition is _____

A

a new chronic condition

40
Q

is PC19 considered a disability

A

yes under teh ADA

41
Q

after how many months of symtpks is defined as chronic

A

12 months

42
Q

true or false rehabilitation ahs a role in PC19

A

true by ICF

43
Q

which services are at the center of treating this condition and why

A

rehabilityin because it impacts functionality

44
Q

who is part of the rehab team

A

physiotherapists, occupational therapists, nurses, psychologists, speech and language therapists, physicians and social and community workers.

45
Q

sorry im not doing the last slides i dont even know what the heck to ask

A

lol

46
Q

how can we help PC19 patients (3 ways)

A
  1. early referral
  2. hybrid approach
  3. see PT, OT, speech path, psychologists, physicians, social and community workers
    nurses
47
Q

what are some red flags for safe rehab ?

A

exertional desaturation and cardiac impaorments

48
Q

true or false if someone with PC19 has exertional desaturatioa nd cardiac impairment tehy should do lots of physical exercuse training

A

false

49
Q

true or false people with PC19 and have a presence of orthosatic intolorence and PEM require interventions for safe rehab

A

true

50
Q

what are someof the general treatments for PC19 without PEM

A

education, skills training on self-management strategies, assistive products and environmental modifications, physical exercise too

51
Q

treatment for arthalgia

A

antiinflammatory drugs

52
Q

treatment for breathing imparment

A

nasal bretahing and pacing approaches

53
Q

treatment for cognitive impairment

A

cognitive exercises

54
Q

treatment for fatigue

A
  • energy conservation techniques (pacing approaches)
  • psychological support to help cope with the symptom
55
Q

tretament dor anxiety and depression

A
  • psychological support/mindfulness-based approaches
56
Q

how does PC19 affcet return to everyday activities & work

A

affects multiple body functions

difficulty with standing, mobility, stamina, and cognitive demands.

57
Q

for a return to work….

A

energy conservation techniques

use of assistive products

58
Q

for a return to work ……

A

flexible phased return

env modifications at work

risk assesment at work and see hwta the individual is capable of

Phgy 455 (19 decks)

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