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Phgy 455 > WEEK 3- SCI pt 1 > Flashcards

WEEK 3- SCI pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how many planes can we express the view of the body in

A

3

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2
Q

name the 3 planes

A

coronal/ frontal
sagittal
transverse

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3
Q

is the cauda equina cns or pns

A

pns

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4
Q

cns is comprised of

A

brain and spinal chord

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5
Q

are skeletal muscles activated by cns or pns directly

A

pns

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6
Q

where does the spinal chord begin and end ?

A

base of occipital bone (when spinal chord begins after medulla )

TO

space between first and second lumbar vertebral bone

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7
Q

how many spinal nerve segments

A

31

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8
Q

the 31 segments are divided in how many segments

A

5

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9
Q

true or false the spinal cord and vertebral column are the same length

A

false, spinal chord is shorter

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10
Q

which segments do we have enlargements and why

A

cervical (c3-t1) –> brachial plexus
lumbosacral (l1-s2) -lumbosacral plexus

MORE INFO TO PROCESS WITH THE LIMBS

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11
Q

true or false there are nerves in the cauda equina

A

true

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12
Q

true or false we can inject drugs and perform lumbar punctures in the cauda equina area

A

true

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13
Q

name the segments the spinal chord is divided in

A

cervical 8
thoracic 12
lumbar 5
sacral 5
coccygeal 1

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14
Q

sensroy afferent axons enter via …..

A

dorsal root roots

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15
Q

mottor efferent axons exit via …..

A

ventral roots

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16
Q

does spinal nerve contain motor, sensory or mixed info

A

mixed

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17
Q

motor neurons have their cell bodies in grey or white matter?

A

grey

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18
Q

where are motor neuron cell bodies located?

A

lamina 9 in anterior horn

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19
Q

where do axons of motor neurons project to

A

the periphery (ex to muscles )

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20
Q

where is the cell body of sensory neuron lcated

A

DRG

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21
Q

what doe sthe spinal cord do?

A

(trasnmits info from brain to the rest of the body through neural signals

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22
Q

the spinal cord converys motor information to …

A

the body

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23
Q

the spinal cord conveys sensory info to….

A

teh brain

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24
Q

the spinal cord contains

A

independent neural circuits

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25
Q

what are two examples of independednt neural circuits in the spinal cord

A

-reflexes
-central pattern generators

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26
Q

true or false motor infrom from brain to body is considered an ascending pathway

A

false = descedning

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27
Q

is info from body to brain ascending or decending pathway

A

ascending

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28
Q

true or false there is somatotopic organization in the white matter of spinal chord

A

true

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29
Q

true or false the somatotopic organiation of white maytter in the spinal cord is the same everywher ein the spinal cord

A

FALSE
dorsal columns are different than anterolateal

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30
Q

in the dorsal columns the somatopic arrangement is ….

A

lumbar is most medial, cervicalk is most lateral

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31
Q

in the anterior and lateral columns the somatotopic organization is ….

A

cervical is medial , lumbar is lateral

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32
Q

true or false white matter is myelnated

A

true

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33
Q

why is gray matetr grey?

A

due to bundle if cell bodies

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34
Q

grey matter in spinal cord is divided in….

A

rexxed laminae

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35
Q

how many rexxed laminae are there

A

10

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36
Q

the rexxed laminae extend from….

A

dorsal horn to anterior horn

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37
Q

lamina 9 is known for

A

motor

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38
Q

motor info is most known in which lamina

A

lamina 9

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39
Q

what is rex lamina ?

A

rex lamina = TYPE OF ORGANIZATION
The Rexed laminae comprise a system of ten layers of grey matter (I–X), identified in the early 1950s by Bror Rexed to label portions of the grey columns of the spinal cord.

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40
Q

a nissle staining connects to grey or white matter

A

grey

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41
Q

lateral horns contain what

A

interneurons & sympathetic preganglionic neurons

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42
Q

genreally , what pathway would be affted if there is a lesion in lamina 9 what is affected
(motor or sensory)

A

motor pathways

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43
Q

are local circuit neurons located in grey or white matter

A

grey

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44
Q

long distance neurons supply which region of the spinal cord

A

medial region of ventral horn

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45
Q

long distance neurons extend over several spinal level and end bilaterally true or false

A

true

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46
Q

lwhat are ong distance neurons in charge of

A

posture and locomotion

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47
Q

short distance local circuit neurons are located

A

lateral aspect of ventral horn

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48
Q

do short distance local circuit neuron extend over many segments or few

A

few

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49
Q

do short distance local circuit neuron end bilaterally or ipsilaterally

A

ipsilaterally

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50
Q

what do short distance local circuit neuron mediate

A

fine control of the distal extremeties

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51
Q

in the grey matter of the spinal chord… lower numbers of rexxed lamina correspond to what

A

sensory

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52
Q

in the grey matter of the spinal chord… higher numbers of rexxed lamina correspond to what

A

motor

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53
Q

lamina 1 (name +description)

A

marginal zone
- Projection neurons that receive input from small-diameter afferents; one source of anterolateral system projections
(primary neurons enter this area )

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54
Q

WHICH LAMINA - Projection neurons that receive input from small-diameter afferents; one source of anterolateral system projections

A

1

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55
Q

lamina 2 (name +description)

A

substansia gelatinosa
Interneurons that receive input mainly from small-diameter afferents; integrates feedforward and feedback (descending) inputs that modulate pain transmission (see Chapter 13)

56
Q

WHICH LAMINA Interneurons that receive input mainly from small-diameter afferents; integrates feedforward and feedback (descending) inputs that modulate pain transmission (see Chapter 13)

A

2

57
Q

lamina 3,4 (name +description)

A

nucleus proprius
Interneurons that integrate inputs from small- and large-diameter afferents

58
Q

which lamina ?Interneurons that integrate inputs from small- and large-diameter afferents

A

3,4

59
Q

lamina 5,6 (name +description)

A

base of dorsal horn
Projection neurons that receive input from both large- and small- diameter afferents and spinal interneurons; another source of anterolateral system projections

60
Q

which lamina Projection neurons that receive input from both large- and small- diameter afferents and spinal interneurons; another source of anterolateral system projections

A

5,6

61
Q

lamina 7 (name +description)

A

intermediate gray
Mainly interneurons that communicate between dorsal and ventral horns; in the thoracic cord, also contains projection neurons of the dorsal nucleus of Clarke, a spinocerebellar relay (see Chapter 19), and the sympathetic preganglionic visceral motor neurons of the intermedio- lateral cell column (underlying the lateral horn); in the sacral cord, also contains preganglionic visceral motor neurons

62
Q

which lamina
Mainly interneurons that communicate between dorsal and ventral horns; in the thoracic cord, also contains projection neurons of the dorsal nucleus of Clarke, a spinocerebellar relay (see Chapter 19), and the sympathetic preganglionic visceral motor neurons of the intermedio- lateral cell column (underlying the lateral horn); in the sacral cord, also contains preganglionic visceral motor neurons

A

7

63
Q

lamina 8 (name +description)

A

motor interneurons
Interneurons in the medial aspect of ventral horn that coordinate the activities of lower motor neurons

64
Q

which lamina
Interneurons in the medial aspect of ventral horn that coordinate the activities of lower motor neurons

A

8

65
Q

lamina 9 (name +description)

A

motor neuron columns
Columns of lower motor neurons that govern limb musculature

66
Q

which lamina
Columns of lower motor neurons that govern limb musculature

A

9

67
Q

lamina 10 (name +description)

A

central gray
nterneurons surrounding the rudiment of the central canal

68
Q

which lamina
nterneurons surrounding the rudiment of the central canal

A

10

69
Q

what kiund of neuron is a somatic sensory neuron

A

pseudounipolar

70
Q

true or false pseudounipolar neurons receive information from environemnt and bring it into the spianl chord

A

TRUEEE

71
Q

what do white matter columns in the spinal chord do?

A

transmit info from the periphery to tje brain

72
Q

anterolateral system is comprised of what two spinothalamic tracts

A

anterior
lateral

73
Q

lateral spino is in charge of

A

pain and temp

74
Q

anterior spino thalamic tract is responsible for

A

crude tocuh and pressure

75
Q

laterala nd anterior spinothalmic tracts make up what sensory system

A

anterolateral

76
Q

dorsal column is in charge of what

A

fine touch
vibration
conscious proprioception

77
Q

the fascivulus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus are part of which section in the spinal cord

A

dorsal column

78
Q

true or false fasciculus gracilis is for upper limbs

A

false

79
Q

fasciculus cuneatus is for lower limbs

A

fasle

80
Q

true or false the fasciculi in the dorsal column are impritant for pain and temp

A

FALSE

81
Q

what isa dermatome

A

area of skin innervated by sensory fibers at a single spinal level

82
Q

do dermatomes are cross the midline

A

no, we have a dermatome on each side of the body at the same level

83
Q

upper limb dermatome is

A

c5-t1

84
Q

nipples are at which dermatome

A

t4

85
Q

belly button is which dermatome

A

t10

86
Q

lower limbs is which dermatome

A

l2-s2

87
Q

repeated question….
in the white matter in the anterior and lateral columns the somatotopic organization is is

A

cervical = medial
lumbar =lateral

88
Q

true or false there exists motor pathways in white matter of SC

A

yes

89
Q

motor pathways are considereed to be ascending or decsenving

A

dwon

90
Q

are distal muscles located more medially or laterally in the anterior horn

A

lateral

91
Q

are proximal muscles located more medially or laterally in the nateripor horn

A

medially

92
Q

are flexors located dorsal or ventral in the naterior horn

A

dordal

93
Q

are extensors located more dorsal or ventral in anterior horn

A

ventral

94
Q

corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts are motor or sensory

A

motor

95
Q

what is a myotome

A

group of muscles innervated by motor fibers at a single spinal level

96
Q

true or false there is no overlap of myotomes in muscle innervation

A

FALSE
for example biceps are innervated by c5 and c6!

97
Q

every muscle is innervate dby

A

a different pool of motor neurons

98
Q

if i have a lesion at c5 will i lose all mobility inmy biceps

A

NO

99
Q

is it true that having a lesion at c5 for example will reduce the force of that muscle but will not lose entire capability ot activat eit

A

yes
instea dof having two spinal working you have 1

100
Q

true or false having a lesion at c5 (in white matetr tracts ) will affect every level below it

A

true

101
Q

are there more tramatic or non traumatic Spinal cord injuris (SCI) in canada

A

non traumatic

102
Q

what is non traumatic SCI

A

degeneration of vertebral disk = squeexing nerve and lesion

with age = more likely to get non traumatic

103
Q

what is traumatic spinal chord injury

A

injury to the spine

104
Q

what is complete SCI

A

no sensory and motor function (ability to feel, touch or move) preserved in the last nerves leaving the spinal cord (sacral 4th and 5th nerves)

105
Q

true or false Symptoms of SCI will vary depending on where the spine is injured and the extent of the injury

A

true

106
Q

Cervical (neck) injuries result in…

A

full or partial tetraplegia

107
Q

Complete injuries at or below the thoracic spinal levels result in

A

paraplegia

108
Q

Injuries to the lumbar or sacral regions

A

decrease control of the legs and hips, urinary system, and anus

109
Q

what is tetraplegia

A
  • Tetraplegia (replaces the term quadriplegia): Injury to the spinal cord in the cervical region, with associated loss of muscle strength in all 4 extremities
110
Q

what is paraplegia

A
  • Paraplegia: Injury in the spinal cord in the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral segments, including the cauda equina and conus medullaris
111
Q

LOOK AT ASIA SCALE?

A

…

112
Q

complete transection is

A

something that totally ruptured the spinal cord

113
Q

what happens in the first few days of complete spinal cord transection

A

spinal shock = everything shuts down

114
Q

what is spinal shock is (0-1d)

A

A sudden loss of sensation accompanied by motor paralysis and loss
of reflexes at/below the lesion

115
Q

what is spinal shock 1-3 d

A

Slow return of reflexes

116
Q

what is spinal shock 1-4 weeks

A

hyperreflexia (concurrent appearance of spcicity = person stcck in a certain muscle tension)

117
Q

what is spinal shock- longterm

A

affected below the level of the lesion

118
Q

name some long term symptoms of complete transection

A

n Paralysis – loss of voluntary movement n Appearance of spasticity (1–12m)
n Absence of sensation
n Abnormal reflexes (Babinski)
n Loss of control of bladder and bowel n Loss of autonomic function (varies)

119
Q

partial transection of spinal chord can be divided in

A

non traumatic
truamtic

120
Q

non traumatic partial transection is

A

something that grows or degenerates

121
Q

does non traumatic partial transection happen with external physical force

A

no

122
Q

does non traumatic partial transection continue to worsen with time

A

yes

123
Q

is non traumatic partial transection a rapid onset

A

no = slow

124
Q

what are specific causes on \non traumatic partial transection

A

infection or tumor,
syphilis,
metastases,
spondylotic myelopathies

125
Q

true or false spinal infections are very common

A

fasle = rarely seen

126
Q

what is another term for spondylotic myelopathies

A

spinal chord compression

127
Q

what is spinal cord compression (non traum)

A

during aging = intervertebral disk that degenerates
squeeze the nerve an dpotentially the spinal chord
can create tissue death

128
Q

name ways one can get a a TRAUMATIC partial transection

A

Falls (most common),
car accidents,
work-related accidents,
sports injuries,
penetrating trauma (stab or gunshot wounds)

129
Q

are male sor females most likely to have TRAUMATIC partial transection

A

males (by alot)

130
Q

falls are common at what age

A

around 63

131
Q

transport relate dinjuries are common at what age

A

46

132
Q

out of c5 c4 and c6 which is most common to injure (PTRAUMATICTRANS)

A

c6

133
Q

examples of lesions are :

A

Central cord syndrome
Anterior spinal artery syndrome
Brown-Séquard syndrome (cord hemi-section) n Posterior cord syndrome

134
Q

compresison injuries (traumatic) = another way to get whaty kind of spinal cord injury

A

incomplete ir complete

135
Q

compression injuries can happen via

A

n From vertical blow to the head: diving in shallow water, sports injuries, motor-vehicle injuries

136
Q
A

Phgy 455 (19 decks)

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