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Phgy 455 > WEEK 12- emotions > Flashcards

WEEK 12- emotions Flashcards

1
Q

emotions involve 3 important things, what are they?

A

subjective feelings
physiological repsonses
behaviour

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2
Q

EMOTION revolves around 3 things

A

behaviour
physiology
feeling

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3
Q

what are examples of physiological responses

A

HR
POSTURE
FLUSHED SKIN
respiration
sweating

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4
Q

emotions serve as way for us to recat to ______ and ______ stimuli

A

internal
external

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5
Q

true or false emotions are a composite of subjective feelings, physiological responses and behaviours that allow humans to react adaptively to internal and external stimuli.

A

true

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6
Q

where do subjective feelings come from

A

cortical areas of teh brain

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7
Q

where do physiological repsonses come from

A

ANS (para, sympa, and enteric)

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8
Q

where do behaviours come from

A

somatic motor system

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9
Q

what are two types of behaviour

A

verbal
nonverbal (facial expressions, posture)

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10
Q

what is something cool about emotions (culturally speaking)

A

we experience emotions pretty universally and very similarly

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11
Q

why do we need emotions? (7 things )

A
  1. protection
  2. enhances memory
  3. enhances learning
  4. helps us make quicl decsision = intuition
  5. organize behabiour and how we react to others
  6. social vs avoidant
  7. moral ethical behaviour
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12
Q

what are teh 6 basic emotions

A

Happiness,
Sadness,
Fear,
Anger,
Disgust,
Surprise

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13
Q

what are the secondary emotions?

A

š Embarrassment, love, relief, jealousy, guilt, shame, pride

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14
Q

true or false secondary emotions come after primary emotions

A

true

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15
Q

true or false a secondary emotion for a surprise party is surprise

A

false, it could be love, embvarrssment ect

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16
Q

true or false we LEARN secondary emotions

A

true

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17
Q

how do we learn secondary emotions? (2 things)

A

valence
arousal

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18
Q

what is valence ?

A

Positive vs Negative Affect

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19
Q

what is arousal

A

calm vs exciting

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20
Q

True or false jealousy is an example of calm

A

false, exciting

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21
Q

what does the valence and arousal chart show

A

how primary emotions can become secondary emotions over time

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22
Q

true or false emotions can be voluntary or involuntary

A

true

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23
Q

can emotion be reflexive

A

yes

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24
Q

can we make our emotions happen

A

yes, by msiling = we can feel better

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25
Q

describe the pathway of volitional pathway of emtion

A
  1. motor cortex+ brainstem = we smile
  2. reticular formation
  3. motor neurons and cranial nerves activating facial muscles an dposture = experiencing happiness FOR EXAMPLE
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26
Q

describe the pathway of non volitional emotion

A
  1. limbic cenetr and hypothalamus
  2. reticular formation
  3. ANS
  4. smooth cardiac and glands
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27
Q

what happens to a person who has facial motor paresis when you tell her to smile vs when you tell her a joke

A

smile: cant do
joke: they can smile

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28
Q

what happens when we tell a perosn with emotional motor paresis to smile vs a jpke

A

smile: they can do
joke: cannot smile

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29
Q

true or false the limbic system is huge in emotios

A

true

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30
Q

who is the most important player in emotion in the limbic system

A

AMYGGGGGG

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31
Q

what does teh amygdala do

A

affect and fear

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32
Q

what is the the thalamus

A

relay station

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33
Q

what does the hypoth do

A

non volitional response

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34
Q

what are the two things that do more complex processing and behaviours

A

orbital and medial preforontal cortex

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35
Q

what i the ventral striatum for

A

social behaviour

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36
Q

what is teh hippocampus for

A

memory

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37
Q

true or false hippocampus is not really part of the limbic system (newer research) for emotion

A

true helps strenthen memory related to emption

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38
Q

location of amygdala

A

tempral lobe

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39
Q

true or false the amuyfgdala is composed of 1 single nucleus

A

false , 14 distinct nuclei

40
Q

how many major regions doe sthe amygdala have

A

3

41
Q

what are teh 3 major regions of the amygdala

A

medial
basolateral
central and anterior

42
Q

where does the medial group of amygdala send projections

A

olfactory bulb/cortex

43
Q

where does the basolateral group of amyg project to

A

tocerebralcortex(orbital+medial prefrontal cortex, association cortex of the anterior temporal lobe + mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus)

44
Q

what is the baso lateral group of amygdala responsibel for

A

emotion regulation +undertsanding our emotions

45
Q

where do the central anf anterior group of amygdala project to

A

hypoTH + braistem,

46
Q

true or false amygdala has connections to our special senses

A

true

47
Q

true or falsleft side of the brain controls what

A

positve emotions
processes facial expressions to recognize emotions

48
Q

true or false right side of the brain controls what

A
  • Negative emotions
  • Expression and
    comprehension of the affective aspects of speech
  • Control of left facial musculature involved in expression
    of emotions
49
Q

wheres doe sthe amygdala have links to?

A

orbitala nd medial prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus and brinstem

50
Q

coluntary motor actions is processed where

A

Orbital and medial prefrontal cortex

51
Q

isceral/ non-volitional motor effector systems is processed where

A

hypo+ brainstem

52
Q

how to emotions help guide social behaviour

A

Emotions help us with decision making

53
Q

emotions can be socially ______ or ________

A

advantageous
disadvantgeous

54
Q

true or false conditioned fear response is part of rational decison making

A

false = irrational

55
Q

true or false emotions help us determine trustwothy face

A

true

56
Q

true or false postive meotions are in the right brain

A

false left

57
Q

ability to look at someone and recognize that they are happy is which side of brain

A

left

58
Q

raising voice when angry = whcih side of brain

A

right

59
Q

abnormal regulation of sadness is which mood disprder

A

depression

60
Q

abnormal regulation of happiness is which mood disprder

A

BPD (mania)

61
Q

in Major Depressive Disorder the amyddala has decreased disconnected tconnectivity to

A

a variety of btain regions

62
Q

depression is usually due to a decrease in what

A

serotonin levels

63
Q

true or false amydala use serotonin as main neurotrasnmitetr

A

true

64
Q

explain depression and amygdala

A

people with depression have less serotonin = less able fro amygdala to make connections with other brain regions = less ability to share emotions

65
Q

main treatment of depression

A

SSRIS = allows serotining ot stay longer in the brain

66
Q

in depression hyperactive amygdala means

A

everything is negative = emotions we are able to get out are all negative

67
Q

in depression we have a ________ and ________ amygdala

A

Dysregulated + hyperactive

68
Q

decrease connectivity of amygdala to the rest of the brain causes ( 5 )

A

low mood
disordered eating
disordered sleep
reduced concentration
decreased sexual interest

69
Q

what is Kluver Bucy syndrome

A

Damage to the bilateral amygdala in the medial-temporal lobe/limbic system

70
Q

kluver bucy can lead to 4 things

A
  1. emotional blunting
  2. hyperphagia
  3. inapropriate sexual behaviours
  4. visual agnosia
71
Q

emotional blunting is

A

aflataffect,notrespondingtoappropriatestimuli

72
Q

hyperaphagia

A

oral fixation
putting things in your mouth

73
Q

visual agnosia

A

inability to recognize object

74
Q

urbach wiethe disease is

A

A rare disorder that causes calcification and atrophy of anterior-medial temporal lobes (bilaterally)

75
Q

what happens in urbach wiethe

A

unable to recognize the emotion of fear

76
Q

which aprt of the amyg is for kluver bucy

A

medial temporal

77
Q

which part of the amyg is for urbach wiethe

A

anterior medial temporal love

78
Q

what happens in PTSD

A
  1. problems with amygdala
  2. decreased hippocampa voume
79
Q

what happens in amyg imapirments for ptsd

A

beinbg fearful of non fearful situations due to a previous threat

difficult time supressing the fear

80
Q

decreased hi[pocampus volume in amygdala causes what

A

declaritive memory loss

81
Q

PTSD has a high incidence of ______ and _______

A

substance abuse and depression

82
Q

people with social anxiety have an (over or under excited ) amygdala

A

over

83
Q

true or false receptors involved in stress- induced reactions were found to be increased in people with anxiety

A

true

84
Q

in anxiety there are tow main hypotheses

A

hyperactivity of amygdala sending info to stress receptors = more stres sin body

85
Q

where is dopamine released

A

in the synaptic cleft

86
Q

what does dopamine produce when it binds to different neurons

A

pleasure
euphoria
feeling of reward

87
Q

true or false ddopamine stays in the brain forever

A

false = its recycled

88
Q

reward system includes imput from where

A

amygdala
orbital and medial prefrontal system

89
Q

what happens to dopamine in addiction and what does it cause

A

Dopamine builds-up in the synaptic space to a much greater amount than normal

burst of euphoria = feels great

causes continuous of the dopamine receptors

90
Q

what does our brain do in reposne to too much dopamine

A

Brain compensates by down regulating/thinning out active dopamine receptor sites

91
Q

what is the negative impact of our bodies compensation to downregulating receptors

A

dampens response to less potent rewards

need more of the stubstance to feel the effects

over time = decreased activity of orbital and medial preforntal cortex = less rationaal thinking

92
Q

schizophrenia has two types of symptoms what are they (general)

A

positive
negative

93
Q

what are examples of positive symptoms in schz

A

hallucination
delusions

94
Q

what are examples of negtive symptoms

A

blunt
affect, apathy, anhedonia, reduced social drive, loss of motivation, lack of social interest, and inattention to social or cognitive inpu

95
Q

what are positve symptoms in sch due to

A

too much dopamine in synaptic cleft

96
Q

what are negative symtpms in schz due to

A

little dopamine in synaptic cleft

Phgy 455 (19 decks)

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