Digestive system Flashcards
what are the 7 main parts of the digestive system that food moves through
Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
what’s the function of the mouth, what’s the pH and what types of digestion occur there
To chew and add saliva to help digest carbohydrates
pH: 7
Mechanical and chemical
what’s the function of the esophagus and what types of digestion occur there
to move food from mouth to stomach by a process called peristalsis
mechanical
what’s the function of the stomach, what’s the pH, and what types of digestion occur there
mixes food with HCL as well as an enzyme that digests proteins
pH: 2
mechanical and chemical
what’s the function of the small intestine, what’s the pH, and what types of digestion occur there
enzymes from liver and pancreas end up here. they help digest carbs, fat, and proteins. absorption of nutrients also occurs here.
pH:7
chemical and absorption
what’s the function of the large intestine and what types of digestion occur there
water, minerals and vitamins are removed from waste and absorbed into bloodstream
absorption
what’s the function of the rectum and what types of digestion occur there
solid waste is stored here
NA
what’s the function of the anus and what types of digestion occur there
solid waste exits the body here
NA
what is dehydration synthesis
removing water from molecules to turn into polymers
define hydrolysis
adding h2o to a large molecule to break it down into monomers
where is the OH located on starch and cellulose
starch - bottom
cellulose - top
what are the monomers for starch and cellulose called
starch: glucose a
cellulose: glucose b
what are the differences between function and digestion for starch and cellulose
starch:
function: energy storage in plants
digestion: easy for heterotrophs to digest
cellulose:
function: cell wall structure in plants
digestion: difficult for heterotrophs to digest
what are the components of lipids
fatty acids and glycerol
what are the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats
saturated: long straight chain, most animal fats, solid at room temp, hard to break down, contribute to cardiovascular diseases
unsaturated: plant and fish fats, liquid at room temp, easy to break down
what are the functions of lipids in the human body
energy storage, body insulation
what’s the description of a primary protein
the sequence of amino acids in a peptide chain (polypeptide)
what is the description of a secondary protein
hydrogen bonding between close amino acids to form either a helix or a beta pleated sheet
what’s the description of a tertiary protein
interactions with more distant amino acids cause the structure to further fold on itself
what’s the description of a quaternary protein
when more than one polypeptide chain bonds together
what is the breakdown of a protein from polymer to monomer
polypeptides -> peptides -> amino acids
what is the definition of an enzyme
a protein that speeds up or catalyses a chemical reaction