Excretory System

Question 1

what is the function of the excretory system

Answer 1

Regulate the volume and composition of body fluids by removing waste and returning substances to the body for re-use

Question 2

what are the parts of the excretory system

Answer 2

renal artery
renal vein
aorta
inferior vena-cava
kidney
ureter
bladder
urethra

Question 3

what are the parts of the kidney

Answer 3

renal cortex
renal medulla
renal artery
renal vein
renal pelvis
ureter

Question 4

what are the parts of the nephron

Answer 4

Glomerulus/Bowman’s Capsule
Proximal Tubule
Distal Tubule
Loop of Henley (ascending and descending)
Collecting Duct

Question 5

what happens to ur urine when you are dehydrated

Answer 5

it becomes more yellow bc it has a higher concentration of solutes bc when one is dehydrated they don’t have enough water to dilute their urine

Question 6

what process happens at the glomerulus/bowman’s capsule and describe what happens in the process

Answer 6

filtration

blood enters glomerulus from renal artery and some small solutes dissolve into bowman’s capsule

Question 7

what solutes do not dissolve into bowman’s capsule

Answer 7

blood cells and other large molecules

Question 8

what is the pressure in bowman’s capsule

Answer 8

high

Question 9

what is the process that happens in proximal tubule and describe what happens in that process

Answer 9

reabsorption

glucose is reabsorbed into bloodstream through active transport

Question 10

what is the process that happens in the descending loop of henley and describe what happens in that process

Answer 10

reabsorption

water is reabsorbed into bloodstream through osmosis

Question 11

what is the process that happens in the ascending loop of henley and describe what happens in that process

Answer 11

reabsorption

Na+ is reabsorbed into bloodstream through active transport

Question 12

what is the process that happens in the distal tubule and describe what happens in that process

Answer 12

secretion

waste material, medications, and ions such as H+ and K+ is transferred from blood to nephron through active transport

Question 13

what is the reason H+ is transferred into the nephron

Answer 13

in order to maintain the pH levels of blood

Question 14

what is the process that happens in the collecting duct and describe what happens in that process

Answer 14

reabsorption

last chance for water reabsorption

reabsorption in this part is activated by a hormone called ADH which is activated if one is dehydrated to absorb more H2O into the blood

Question 15

I’m NaCl which parts are transported between the blood and nephron through passive and active transport

Answer 15

Na+ -> active
Cl- -> passive

Question 16

How do we maintain homeostasis with regards to the pH of our blood?

Answer 16

1) We increase the rate of breathing which releases carbon dioxide faster (and carbon dioxide increases the pH of our blood).
2) We release more H+ ions in our urine to try to reduce the acidity of the urine and raise the ph.

Question 17

How does alcohol and caffeine affect ADH

Answer 17

It stops this hormone (which tells the body to stop urinating) causing one to urinate more than necessary.