Chapter 1

Question 1

What is the equation for photosynthesis

Answer 1

6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight -> 6O2 + C6H12O6

Question 2

What is the equation for Cellular respiration

Answer 2

C6h12o6 + 6H2O -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 3

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Answer 3

The products they produce are required by the other

Question 4

What is the equation for chemosynthesis

Answer 4

6CO2 + 6H2O + 3h2s -> c6h12o6 + 3h2so4

Question 5

Where does chemosynthesis occur

Answer 5

Deep sea vents or can occur in the absence of o2

Question 6

Define autotroph

Answer 6

Organisms that capture free energy from their environment and make it into food

These are the producers in the ecosystem and they use processes such as photosynthesis and chemosynthesis

Question 7

Define heterotroph

Answer 7

Organisms that need to consume their energy

Question 8

Define carnivore

Answer 8

Organisms that eat animals

Question 9

Define herbivore

Answer 9

Organisms that eat plants

Question 10

Define omnivore

Answer 10

Organisms that eat both plants and animals

Question 11

Define decomposer

Answer 11

Organisms that return nutrients from dead organisms to the soil

Question 12

Define biosphere

Answer 12

The layers in which organisms can live on earth

Question 13

What are the parts of the biosphere and what part of earth do they affect

Answer 13

Lithosphere - earth
Hydrosphere - water
Atmosphere - air

Question 14

Define open and closed systems

Answer 14

Open - can freely move from earth to space and vice versa
Closed - Nothing is able to enter or leave earth

Question 15

Is matter a closed or open system

Answer 15

Closed

Question 16

Is energy an open or closed system

Answer 16

Open

Question 17

Define Albedo

Answer 17

The ability of a surface to reflect energy

Question 18

Define radiant energy

Answer 18

Energy transfer in which atoms/molecules emit electromagnetic waves

Ex. Heat, Light

Question 19

What % of energy is absorbed by the earths surface

Answer 19

51%

Question 20

What % of the earths energy is absorbed by atmosphere and clouds

Answer 20

19%

Question 21

What % of energy is reflected by clouds, dust, water, and land

Answer 21

30%

Question 22

What % of energy is absorbed by producers

Answer 22

1-2%

Question 23

Explain the transfer of matter

Answer 23

Producers to consumers to decomposers to inorganic molecules back to producers

Question 24

Explain the transfer of heat

Answer 24

Sun to producers to consumers to decomposers

(Heat energy is also lost between each step of this cycle)

Question 25

What is the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 25

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another

Question 26

What is the second law of thermodynamics

Answer 26

The entropy (disorder) of a system will increase over time

Question 27

What is a food chain

Answer 27

A food chain shows the path of energy from one living thing to another

Question 28

What is necessary for all food chains but isn’t usually listed on them

Answer 28

Decomposers such as bacteria

Question 29

What is the start of all food chains

Answer 29

The sun

Question 30

What is the rule of 10

Answer 30

Only 10% of energy is passed from one step of the food chain to the next 90% is used for life processes such as growth, repair, reproduction, heat (waste), etc…

Question 31

What is a tropic level

Answer 31

The position an organism has in a food chain

Question 32

What is biomagnification

Answer 32

The increasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain

Question 33

What’s a pyramid of numbers

Answer 33

The relative number of organisms at each tropic level

Question 34

As you move up in tropic levels what happens with the # of organisms and the available energy

Answer 34

Both decrease as you move up

Question 35

What is an inverted pyramid of numbers

Answer 35

It is where organisms at lower tropic levels are fewer in number than organisms at higher tropic levels

Question 36

What is a pyramid of biomass

Answer 36

The relative dry mass of living or once living organisms in an ecosystem (Scientists don’t agree on whether or not dead organisms should be included)

Question 37

What is a pyramid of biomass measured in

Answer 37

Grams per square meter

Question 38

What limitation that occurs in a pyramid of numbers is overcomed by a pyramid of biomass

Answer 38

The limitation that causes an inversion in a pyramid of numbers

Question 39

Does a pyramid of biomass include one or more organisms at each tropic level

Answer 39

More than one

Question 40

What is an inverted pyramid of biomass

Answer 40

It is where there is less biomass at lower tropic levels than higher ones

Question 41

Give an example of where an inverted pyramid of biomass could occur

Answer 41

In some aquatic ecosystems phytoplankton can have a lower biomass than zooplankton because phytoplankton is eaten as quickly as it is able to reproduce

Question 42

What is a pyramid of energy

Answer 42

It shows the amount of energy held by the organisms at each tropic level

Question 43

Can there be an inverted pyramid of energy

Answer 43

No because there can never be less energy in a lower tropic level than a higher one