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Bio 20 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight -> 6O2 + C6H12O6

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2
Q

What is the equation for Cellular respiration

A

C6h12o6 + 6H2O -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

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3
Q

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration

A

The products they produce are required by the other

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4
Q

What is the equation for chemosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + 3h2s -> c6h12o6 + 3h2so4

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5
Q

Where does chemosynthesis occur

A

Deep sea vents or can occur in the absence of o2

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6
Q

Define autotroph

A

Organisms that capture free energy from their environment and make it into food

These are the producers in the ecosystem and they use processes such as photosynthesis and chemosynthesis

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7
Q

Define heterotroph

A

Organisms that need to consume their energy

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8
Q

Define carnivore

A

Organisms that eat animals

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9
Q

Define herbivore

A

Organisms that eat plants

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10
Q

Define omnivore

A

Organisms that eat both plants and animals

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11
Q

Define decomposer

A

Organisms that return nutrients from dead organisms to the soil

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12
Q

Define biosphere

A

The layers in which organisms can live on earth

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13
Q

What are the parts of the biosphere and what part of earth do they affect

A

Lithosphere - earth
Hydrosphere - water
Atmosphere - air

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14
Q

Define open and closed systems

A

Open - can freely move from earth to space and vice versa
Closed - Nothing is able to enter or leave earth

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15
Q

Is matter a closed or open system

A

Closed

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16
Q

Is energy an open or closed system

A

Open

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17
Q

Define Albedo

A

The ability of a surface to reflect energy

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18
Q

Define radiant energy

A

Energy transfer in which atoms/molecules emit electromagnetic waves

Ex. Heat, Light

19
Q

What % of energy is absorbed by the earths surface

A

51%

20
Q

What % of the earths energy is absorbed by atmosphere and clouds

A

19%

21
Q

What % of energy is reflected by clouds, dust, water, and land

A

30%

22
Q

What % of energy is absorbed by producers

A

1-2%

23
Q

Explain the transfer of matter

A

Producers to consumers to decomposers to inorganic molecules back to producers

24
Q

Explain the transfer of heat

A

Sun to producers to consumers to decomposers

(Heat energy is also lost between each step of this cycle)

25
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another

26
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics

A

The entropy (disorder) of a system will increase over time

27
Q

What is a food chain

A

A food chain shows the path of energy from one living thing to another

28
Q

What is necessary for all food chains but isn’t usually listed on them

A

Decomposers such as bacteria

29
Q

What is the start of all food chains

A

The sun

30
Q

What is the rule of 10

A

Only 10% of energy is passed from one step of the food chain to the next

90% is used for life processes such as growth, repair, reproduction, heat (waste), etc…

31
Q

What is a tropic level

A

The position an organism has in a food chain

32
Q

What is biomagnification

A

The increasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain

33
Q

What’s a pyramid of numbers

A

The relative number of organisms at each tropic level

34
Q

As you move up in tropic levels what happens with the # of organisms and the available energy

A

Both decrease as you move up

35
Q

What is an inverted pyramid of numbers

A

It is where organisms at lower tropic levels are fewer in number than organisms at higher tropic levels

36
Q

What is a pyramid of biomass

A

The relative dry mass of living or once living organisms in an ecosystem

(Scientists don’t agree on whether or not dead organisms should be included)

37
Q

What is a pyramid of biomass measured in

A

Grams per square meter

38
Q

What limitation that occurs in a pyramid of numbers is overcomed by a pyramid of biomass

A

The limitation that causes an inversion in a pyramid of numbers

39
Q

Does a pyramid of biomass include one or more organisms at each tropic level

A

More than one

40
Q

What is an inverted pyramid of biomass

A

It is where there is less biomass at lower tropic levels than higher ones

41
Q

Give an example of where an inverted pyramid of biomass could occur

A

In some aquatic ecosystems phytoplankton can have a lower biomass than zooplankton because phytoplankton is eaten as quickly as it is able to reproduce

42
Q

What is a pyramid of energy

A

It shows the amount of energy held by the organisms at each tropic level

43
Q

Can there be an inverted pyramid of energy

A

No because there can never be less energy in a lower tropic level than a higher one

Bio 20 (15 decks)

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