Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the functions of the respiratory system
-moves air to and from lungs
-gas exchange between air and circulation blood
-protects the surface of the respiratory tract
-defence against invading pathogens
-relays olfactory sensations from nasal cavity to cns
-helps control body fluid pH
-provides sounds involved in speaking, singing and non verbal communication
What is the upper respiratory system made from
Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx
What is the lower respiratory system
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
What body parts make up the conducting portion of the respiratory tract
-entrance to mouth and nasal cavity
-pharynx
-larynx
-trachea
-bronchi
-bronchioles
-terminal bronchiholes
What parts of the body make up the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract
-respiratory bronchioles
-alveoli
What does the conducting portion do
Filters, warms and moistens air
Transmits air to and from the lungs
What does the respiratory portion do
Site of gas exchange
What are vibrasse in the nose
Hairs at external nares
What are the internal nares openings to
Pharynx
What is the nasal cavity lined with
Pseduostraitied ciliated columnar with goblet cells line nasal cavity for removal of particles
What are the serous glands in the nose for
Humidifies air
What is the conchae for in the nose
Bony projetions slows down air flow
What are paranasal sinuses for in the nose
Lightens the skull and provides speech resonance
What is the olfactory epithelium for in the nose
Sense of smell
Larynx
-connects the pharynx with the trachea
-cartilaginous skeleton covered by muscle and membranes
What is the function of the larynx
-maintains an open airway
-prevents food and drink entering the lower respiratory tract
-during swallowing the larynx is pulled upwards and the epiglottis moves down to cover laryngeal inlet
-cough reflex
Vocal folds
-formed from the free border of the cricovocal membrane
-extends between the arytenoid and thyroid cartilages
-lie either side of the glottis
Trachea
-tough flexible tube
-extends from the cricoid cartilage to the carina
-lies anterior to oespophagus
-lined by pseudostratified ciliated columns epithelium with goblet cells
-supported by c shaped cartilage rings which prevent it from collapsing
-trachealis muscle joins end of the cartilages posteriorly
Trachea lining
-fine hair like ciliary cells
-covered with thin layer of mucous that catches forgin material produced by goblet cells
-cilia rhythmically beat and move the mucous material up the pharynx where it can be swallowed or eliminated from the body
Primary bronchi
-begin at the carina
-supply each lung
-2-3cm long
-right is wider and more vertical than left
-c shaped cartilages
Secondary bronchi (lobar)
-the loungers at the hilum
-3 on the right and 2 on the left
-supply the lobes of the lung
Tertiary bronchi
Supply segments of the lung 10 on the right and 8 on the left
Bronchioles
-no cartilage
-smooth muscle=can constrict and dilate
-each gives rise to 50-80 terminal bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
-simple columnar epithelium with cilia
-no goblet cells or mucous glands
-each gives rise to 2 or more respiratory bronchioels
Respiratory bronchioles
-simple cuboidal epithelia
-no cilia
-alveoli extends from the lumen so gas exchange can occur herw