L12 Journal club Flashcards

1
Q

During menstruation, the ___ ___ is dicarded, and there are low circulating levels of ____ and ____ which signal the anterior pituitary gland to release ____. FSH matures an ___ ___ into an egg, and mediates _____ synthesis. Ovulation is triggered by circulating _____ binding to receptors in the ____ ___ to release ____. The ____ _____ releases progesterone and estrogen and the uterus prepares for ______. If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum ___ __ and there is a drop in progesterone and estrogen levels

A

uterine lining, estrogen progesterone, FSH, ovarian follicle, estrogen, estrogen, pituitary gland, LH, corpus luteum, pregnancy, breaks down

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2
Q

Progesterones and estrogens provide _____ feedback on day 12-14 of the menstrual cycle to the HPA axis, and negative feedback during ___ of the cycle

A

positive, most

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3
Q

Oral contraceptives maintain ____ hormone levels and ____ the release of other hormones. It prevents ______, as the steady levels of estrogens or progesterones in the body trick the ____ ___ into thinking a woman is already pregnant, stopping it from releasing hormones that stimulate ovulation. Progesterones promote the formation of a thicker layer of ___ ___, which makes it difficult for sperm to reach the uterus and also affects the uterine ___ to make it harder for the egg to attach

A

consistent, suppresses, ovulation, pituitary gland, cervical mucus, lining

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4
Q

Oral contraceptive use can influence non-reproductive related behaviour such as reduced perseverence and performance on ____ tasks, altered ___ ___, changes in ___ __ and lower ___ ____.

A

cognitive, emotional memory, partner preference, relationship satisfaction

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5
Q

While estradiol _____ HPA function, progesterone inhibits ___ release

A

facilitates, ACTH

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6
Q

During pregnancy and OC use, there is higher baseline _____ ___ similar to those with chronic depression. There is also a shift in peak salivary cortisol to later ____ and a ____ decrease throughout the day.

A

plasma cortisol, morning, protracted

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7
Q

As only ___% of cortisol is available in the blood to exert a function, ___ cortisol is a better representation of the amount of free, bioavailable cortisol. Salivary measurements do not depend on ____ /____ while blood measurements do

A

3-5, salivary flow/circulation

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8
Q

Oral contraceptives may exert influences on stress and ___ ___. OC users commonly experience ____ ____ and are at heightened risk of developing ____ _____ ____ due to the HPA axis _____.

A

emotional processing, mood swings, mental health disorders, dysregulation

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9
Q

In pederson et al.’s study, a pre-test consisted of an inclusion of other in self scale, a measure of ____ with others, as well as the positive and negative affect scale to measure ___ during the blood collection

A

closeness, mood

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10
Q

The group activities in pederson et al.’s study consisted of ___ minutes of noncompetitive board games, ___, and sharing ___.

A

15, singing, stories

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11
Q

The post test consisted of blood collected ____ minutes after the group interaction. The problem with this is that ACTH will not peak until about ____ minutes after a stressor, and cortisol will only peak an ____ after a stressor. The participants completed the ____ again after. All the data was collected between ____pm.

A
  1. 15-20, hour, surveys, 6-8
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12
Q

ELISA was used with the blood samples. The blood is placed in a ___ and separated into layers. ___% is the top, which is the ___ filled with salts, water, proteins and ____. The second layer is 1% ____ ____ which are the white blood cells and platelets. The last ____% is the bottom ____ ____ cells. Known progesterone concentrations were used to create a ___ ___ to compare the samples against.

A

centrifuge, 55, plasma, minerals, buffy coat, 45, red blood, standard curve

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13
Q

The acute physical and ___ stressor was the anticipation and ______ for blood collection.

A

psychological, venipuncture

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14
Q

The independent variables

A

oral contraceptive use, menstrual stage, social interaction induced stress alleviation

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15
Q

Dependent variable

A

ACTH, estrogen, progesterone, mood, closeness to others assay

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16
Q

The cofounding variables that were controlled for included what ___ of the menstrual cycle the women were in, the differences in ___ and ___, the elimination of those with ____ _____ ____, and the time of day.

A

stage, age, BMI, mental health disorders

17
Q

The participants were from ______ _____ ___, Westmont college, and local organizations. Within their sample, current OC and NC users did not differ in age or ____. NC women had more diverse ____ than OC women. There were also anticipated differences in frequency of sexual activity and ___ ____. OC users were also more likely to have used ___ __ in their lifetime

A

claremont graduate university, BMI, ethnicities, relationship status, recreational drugs

18
Q

Results showed expected variations in plasma ___ and ____ levels throughout the menstrual cycle in NC women, with a steady increase in ____ across the cycle, and sharp increase in progesterone in the ___ phase. There was ___ variation in OC users.

A

progesterone, estradiol, estradiol, secretory, minimal

19
Q

Group activity suppressed ACTH in NC women if they were in the ___ or ____ phase, but not the ______ phase. The group activity did not suppress ACTH in ___ users. NC women also had a heightened initial ____ than OC users in menstruation. Following group activity, participants experienced increased ___ and improved ___ independent of OC use and uterine cycle phase

A

menstrual, secretory, proliferative, OC, ACTH, closeness, mood

20
Q

Based on the experimental design, findings correspond more with the ___ component of the stress system because they measured only ___ minutes after the stressor. Moreover, the second blood draw was only ___ minutes after the first blood draw, meaning the ___ ____ could be driving the decrease in ACTH. The authors also did not measure ____ levels, or how long birth control has been used, when the participations started ___, etc.

A

SAM, 5, 30, negative feedback, CORT, ovulation