Terror and persuasion

Question 1

SA

Answer 1

Also known as Storm Troopers or Brown shirts. A military style organisation of the Nazi party formed in 1921 under Hitler.

Question 2

After the demise of the SA, what were the 4 main police organisations?

Answer 2

The SS
Gestapo
SD
German police force

Question 3

Who led the SS?

Answer 3

Heinrich Himmler

Question 4

What was the Gestapo?

Answer 4

Nazi’s secret police force
-Its job was to monitor the German population for signs of opposition or resistance to Nazi rule.

Question 5

What was the SD?

Answer 5

The intelligence gathering agency of the SS
-It was responsible for the security of Hitler and other top Nazis

Question 6

What was the SS

Answer 6

Oversaw the gestapo and the SD
- Initially set up as Hitler’s personal bodyguard service
- Very loyal to the Fuhrer
- Later set up concentrations camps

Question 7

What did the Nazi’s do to the legal system?

Answer 7

All judges to swear and oath of loyalty to Hitler
-Always meant to act in interests of Nazi state

All lawyers to join the Nazi Lawyers Association

Standard punishment for crimes were abolished

Question 8

Where was the first concentration camp?

Answer 8

Dachau, outside Munich, in 1933

Question 9

How were concentration camps described to the German public?

Answer 9

As places to detain enemies of the state
They were “concentrated” in one place for political re-education.

Question 10

How were prisoners in concentration camps identified by their crimes?

Answer 10

They wore coloured triangles which identified their crime

Question 11

What was life like in concentration camps?

Answer 11

Life in the concentration camps was extremely harsh. Prisoners were made to live and work in horrendous conditions.

Question 12

How did prisoner’s concentration camp experiences help Nazi’s stay in control?

Answer 12

When reports of prisoners’ experiences leaked out, it increased the fear of being arrested. This fear helped the Nazis keep control.

Question 13

How was the Nazi Party a constant presence in people’s lives?

Answer 13

Swastika symbol appeared on every public building and government uniform.

Posters of Hitler everywhere

Germans having to greet each other with a Heil Hitler! raised arm salute

Question 14

Who was the Ministry of Enlightenment and Propaganda?

Answer 14

Dr Joseph Goebbels.

Question 15

Was there free press in the Nazi State?

Answer 15

No- all newspapers were controlled by the Government and could only print stories favourable to the Nazi regime.

Question 16

How did the 1936 Berlin Olympics aim to indoctrinate people?

Answer 16

Loudspeakers in public places blared out Nazi propaganda.

Nazis used this as an opportunity to showcase the success of the regime and to show the superiority of the Aryan race.

• The victories of the African-American athlete Jesse Owens for the USA infuriated the Nazi leadership.

Question 17

The Malicious Gossip Law

Answer 17

1934
Made telling an Anti-Nazi joke a crime, leading to a fine or imprisonment.

Question 18

How were mass rallies used to indoctrinate people?

Answer 18

These public displays of support for Nazism involved music, speeches and demonstrations of German strength.

The biggest one was held each year in August at Nuremberg.

Question 19

How was the control of radio broadcasts used to indoctrinate people?

Answer 19

Radios, called the ‘People’s Receiver’, were sold very cheaply so that most Germans could afford one.

All radio output was controlled by Goebbels ministry

Radio sets with loudspeakers were also placed by the Nazis in places like cafes, factories, town squares and street corners, so everyone could hear the Nazi message.

Question 20

How was Art used as propaganda?

Answer 20

Hitler saw Weimar Art as degenerate and removed 6500 art pieces from display across Germany.

Hitler encouraged ‘Aryan art’ instead, which showed the physical and military power of Germany and the Aryan race.

Question 21

When did the Nazis ceremonially burn thousands of books that were viewed as being traitorous to Nazism?

Answer 21

1933
- Books that had undesirable ideology were burnt ceremonially to demonstrate Nazi power
-These included books written by Jewish, pacifist, classical, liberal, anarchist, socialist, and communist authors.

Question 22

Which organisation was led by Heinrich Himmler?

Answer 22

SS

Question 23

Which organisation was led by Himmler’s right-hand man, Reinhard Heydrich?

Answer 23

SD

Question 24

What did Hitler want to showcase at the 1936 Olympics in Berlin?

Answer 24

Aryan Race
- BUT The victories of the African-American athlete Jesse Owens for the USA infuriated the Nazi leadership.

Question 25

What did Albert Speer design?

Answer 25

Nuremberg stadium
He was the most important architect of the period who also redesigned Berlin.

Question 26

What type of music did the Nazis strongly oppose?

Answer 26

Jazz- called it degenerate.