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gcse eduqas history > Methods of Punishment > Flashcards

Methods of Punishment Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the purpose if punishment in the medieval era ?

A

Retribution
Humiliation

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2
Q

Who would a person be judged by in the Medieval era?

A

Jury of men - Hearsay

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3
Q

What were the ordeals in the medieval era ?

A

Trails If the jury could not decide

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4
Q

What was the ordeal by Blessed Bread ?

A
  • priest prayed over a piece of bread
  • act of prayer would cause the accused to choke on the bread if they were lying
  • choke = guilty
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5
Q

What was the ordeal by Hot iron ?

A
  • accused picked up a red-hot metal weight
  • If their burns became infected = guilty
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6
Q

What is ordeal by cold water ?

A
  • The accused was lowered into a river or pond
  • Floated = guilty
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7
Q

What was ordeal by hot water ?

A
  • accused put their hand in boiling water
  • If their burns became infected = guilty.
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8
Q

What was wergild ?

A
  • a fine paid to compensate victims
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9
Q

What were common types of punishments used in the medieval era ?

A
  • Whipping or flogging
  • Stocks and Pillory
  • Mutilation
  • Execution
  • Imprisonment
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10
Q

What was whipping or flogging used for in the Medieval era ?

A
  • punish minor offences
  • not going to church, petty theft , begging.
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11
Q

What was stocks and pillory used for in the Medieval era ?

A
  • public punishment for less important crimes
  • swearing or being drunk in public.
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12
Q

What was mutilation used for in the Medieval era ?

A
  • Theft or regular offending
  • Forest Laws = illegal hunters could have some of their fingers cut off.
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13
Q

What was execution used for in the Medieval era ?

A
  • The most serious crimes
  • Heresy = burned alive
  • Treason = hanged until near death and then cut into pieces.
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14
Q

What was imprisonment used for in the Medieval era ?

A
  • holding debtors or people waiting for their trial.
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15
Q

How were Vagabonds treated in the early modern era ?

A
  • 1495 - put into the stocks for 3 days
  • 1531 - whipped and sent back to the parish of their birth
  • 1547 - branded with a V on their forehead(repeat = execution)
  • 1601 - Poor Law meant whipping and house of correction
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16
Q

When was public capital punishment abolished ?

A

1868

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17
Q

Where was a common place of public execution in the early modern era ?

A
  • Tyburn, London
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18
Q

When was being burnt at the stake abolished ?

A

1790

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19
Q

Who were beheadings reserved for in the Medieval era ?

A
  • Royalty and Nobility
  • Mary Queen of Scots - 1587.
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20
Q

How were commoners executed in the early modern era ?

A

Hung drawn and quartered

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21
Q

What forms of corporal punishment were continued from the early modern era ?

A
  • Stocks and Pillory
  • Flogging
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22
Q

What was the punishment of transportation?

A
  • convicts were sent to the British colonies to work instead of being executed.
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23
Q

How did the punishment of transportation become common ?

A
  • Transportation Act 1717
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24
Q

What was the transportation used for in the industrial era ?

A
  • people found guilty of theft
  • protestors such as luddites
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25
Q

When did transportation to Australia begin ?

A
  • 1787
  • 11 ships, 736 convicts
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26
Q

What were hulks ?

A
  • A decommissioned ship used as a gaol when prisons were overcrowded.
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27
Q

What were transported convicts sentenced to do ?

A
  • building roads or breaking rocks.
28
Q

When were prisons initially introduced ?

A
  • 1553 - Edward VI
  • Royal Palace of Bridewell –> House of Corrections
29
Q

How did JP’s try reform prisoners in the early modern era ?

A
  • Bridewells
  • Supervised work for inmates
30
Q

How many prisons were there by 1700 ?

A

14 in London

31
Q

How many prisoners were there by 1750 across Britain ?

A

4000

32
Q

When did transportation end ?

A

1776

33
Q

What was the separate system in prisons ?

A

prisoners were isolated from each other in individual cells

34
Q

How were prisoners used in the separate system ?

A

put to work sewing mailbags and coal sacks.

35
Q

What is a famous example of a prison that used the separate system ?

A

Pentonville

36
Q

What was the silent system used in prisons ?

A

not kept physically separate but they were not allowed to communicate

37
Q

What did the silent system result in the increase of ?

A

prisoner suicide and mental health problems.

38
Q

When were all prisons brought under government control ?

A

1877

39
Q

When was useless labour punishments abolished in prisons?

A

1902

40
Q

When were the silent and separate systems abolished ?

A

1922

41
Q

When was the death penalty abolished ?

A

1969

42
Q

When was flogging abolished ?

A

1948

43
Q

When were open prisons established ?

A

1934

44
Q

What were open prisons ?

A

Gave more freedom to prisoners to work and become reformed .

45
Q

What were Borstals ?

A

an alternative to prison for young offenders

46
Q

When was the first borstal opened ?

A

Kent , 1902

47
Q

What age group was sent to borstals ?

A

15-21

48
Q

When were Borstals abolished ?

A

1982

49
Q

What was the purpose of Borstals ?

A

to educate and reform young offenders with education and training courses

50
Q

What is probation ?

A

a person has to follow a set of rules laid down by the court in return for freedom

51
Q

When was probation introduced ?

A

1907

52
Q

What is parole ?

A

can temporarily or permanently leave prison.

53
Q

When was parole introduced ?

A

1967

54
Q

What is community service ?

A
  • Convicts take part in public works
    -1972 introduced
55
Q

What percentage of prisoners died every year ?

A

25%

56
Q

When did John Howard publish his report on prisons?

A

1777

57
Q

What did Howard believe should be implemented in to every prison?

A

-running water
-clean and hygienic conditions
-access to medical treatment
-improved standard of food
-payment of gaolers
-visits from churchmen

58
Q

What was Elizabeth Fry outraged by?

A

conditions for female prisoners in London’s Newgate Prison.

59
Q

How did Elizabeth Fry reform women’s prisons?

A

She provided clothes and bedding and began to teach inmates skills such as knitting.

She set up a chapel and a school in the prison.

She believed prisoners should be reformed via Christianity

60
Q

What did Fry’s ideas influence?

A

After she spoke to a House of Commons Committee, her ideas influenced the passing of the 1823 Gaols Act

61
Q

1823 Gaols Act

A

-prisons should be made secure
-gaolers should be paid
-female and male prisoners to be separate
-doctors and chaplains should visit prisons

62
Q

What crime had most transportees been convicted of?

A

Theft
- 80 per cent of transported convicts were convicted thieves.

63
Q

In what century were the separate and silent prison systems used?

A

19th century

64
Q

What were John Howard’s observations in his report ?

A
  • Prisoners not separated by gender or type of crime
  • Prisoners dying of disease
  • Corrupt gaolers
  • Understaffed
  • Jailers fee too high
65
Q

What did John Howard suggest as reformations ?

A
  • Running Water
  • Clean and hygienic conditions
  • Medical treatment
  • Payment of gaolers
  • Chaplin available
  • Higher food standard
66
Q

What did Elizabeth Fry campaign for in the early 19th century ?

A

Separate and better conditions of female prisons

67
Q

What did Elizabeth Fry’s influence cause ?

A

The Gaols Act of 1823

gcse eduqas history (31 decks)

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