Pleura

Question 1

what layer is the outer pleura

Answer 1

parental

Question 2

what layer is the inner pleura

Answer 2

visceral

Question 3

what cwll are int he pleural fluid

Answer 3

macrophages, lymphocytes, mesothelial

Question 4

what is the fuction of te pleural fludi

Answer 4

filtration

Question 5

what colour is normal pleural fluid

Answer 5

straw coloured

Question 6

where is the most negative aspect of the plural fluid

Answer 6

apex

Question 7

pnemothroax

Answer 7

collection of air

Question 8

pleural effusoin

Answer 8

collection of fluid

Question 9

pleural malignacy turmor name

Answer 9

mesothelida

Question 10

hyrdopneumothorax

Answer 10

air and water in plerual fluid

Question 11

hemothroax

Answer 11

blood in plerual fluid

Question 12

what is transudate fluid

Answer 12

low protien contenet

Question 13

what is exudate floud

Answer 13

hight protin condent of 3g/dl

Question 14

which is inflmatory exudate or transudate fluid

Answer 14

exudate

Question 15

what is the most common transudate cause in the lungs

Answer 15

left venticular faliure, liver fibrisions,

Question 16

what are rarer cuaes of transudate increase in the lungs

Answer 16

hyproalumieame, peritneal dialysis, hypothrodiism, nephrotic syndrom, mrial stenosis

Question 17

what are common causes of exudate increse in the lungs

Answer 17

tb, malignacy, paraneumoic effusion and emyeema

Question 19

what are less commmon causes of exudates

Answer 19

pulmonnary embolism, ct disease, being asbestos plura effusion, pancreaits, post myocaridal infration, post coronary artery bypass gratft, hameothorax, chlothroax

Question 20

what are the 3 ways to detect plureal effusion

Answer 20

ultra sound, cxr, ct of thorax

Question 21

what is teh benifit of a ultra sound to diagnose a pleral effusion

Answer 21

it can be done at the patients bedside

Question 22

what tests can be done on pleral fluid

Answer 22

ph using abg, biochemistry, microbilogy, cytology

Question 23

what does a pleral fluid with a ph of less than 7.2 mean

Answer 23

pus or blood in hte sample

Question 24

what is a primary spontanous pnumoatha

Answer 24

air leaks into the pluear space form lungs with no conditions present

Question 25

what is a sencondary pneumothorax

Answer 25

air leaks into lungs with a conditoins such as copd astma, intersital lung disease or cf present

Question 26

what is a latrogneic pneumothrorax

Answer 26

pneumothar that accidlety occurds during a medical procedure such as a biopsy

Question 27

what is a tension pneumothorax

Answer 27

where the air causes a lung to collapse and the trachae shits away from the collapsed lung, this cause bp to drop in the threat, this can be fixed with a chest needle

Question 28

who are most produe to tension pneumothoar

Answer 28

young thin tall men, and those with underling lung diesae

Question 29

what is the symptons of a tension pnumaroa

Answer 29

chest pain and breathlessness

Question 30

what are teh symptons of a pneumothorax

Answer 30

hypoxic, tachypneic, redued chest wall movement and reduced or no breath sounds

Question 31

what ar the ways to diagnose a pneumothorax

Answer 31

cxr, us, ct thorsax

Question 32

what is the treatment for pneumothorax

Answer 32

chest wal drain insertion

Question 33

where can you add a pleral drain

Answer 33

2nd intercostal space, mid clavicualr line

Question 34

what are is the most comon pleaur tumor

Answer 34

mesothelioma

Question 35

where does a mesothelim originate from

Answer 35

asbestion, which causes infmlaation in lungs

Question 36

what are teh signs of a mesothelioma

Answer 36

chest pain, breathlesness, weight loss, clubbed, signs of a pleural effusion

Question 37

what is the diagnosis of a pleaur mesothlioma

Answer 37

cxr, pleraul effusion, plerual based mass

Question 38

what treatment is there for plearu mesothelioma

Answer 38

little, sometimes chemothery, often pallative care