Pathology of lung neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Which cancer kills the most people

A

lung

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2
Q

what percent of smokers get lung cancer

A

10%

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3
Q

What groups risk of lung cancer is increased more by smoking

A

males

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4
Q

What type of lung cancer does polyeyclic aromatic hydrocarbons cause

A

Squamous cell - in the bronchal of the lung

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5
Q

what type of cancer does n Nitrosomaites cause

A

adenocarcinoma - in the peripheral of ht elug

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6
Q

what cells turn into adenocarcinooma

A

bronchialveoar epitheal stem cells

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7
Q

what cells turn into squamou cell carcinoma

A

bronchial epitheal stem cells

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8
Q

how common are carcinod tumors

A

very rare

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9
Q

what are some rare tumors of he broncal glands

A

adenoid cystic carcinonma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, beign adenomas

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10
Q

What is a feature in the histology of squamous cell carinomca

A

swirling centre mass of keratin pearl formation

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11
Q

What is a featurea of the histology of adenocarcinoma

A

glandular formation

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12
Q

what are some local effects of lung cancer as a result of broncial obstuction

A

bronchail obstuction which leads to a collapesed lung, infection/ absess, endogeaou lipoid pluaoia, bonchicatais

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13
Q

what are some local effects of lung cancer as a result of pleura

A

inflamation and malignant

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14
Q

what are some local effects of lung cancer as a result of direct invasion

A

chst wall invasion
nerves - phrenci - diaphramtic paralysis
left recurrent laryngeal - haoras voice, bovine cough
brcail plexus - pancoast t1 damage
cervical sympathice - horners syndrome
mediastim, svc and pericardium

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15
Q

what is horners syndrome

A

a condition marked by a contracted pupil, drooping upper eyelid, and local inability to sweat on one side of the face, caused by damage to sympathetic nerves on that side of the neck.

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16
Q

what is pancoasat t1 damge

A

a tumor at the apex of the lung that invades nearby ribs and tissue

17
Q

what type of cancer is a pancoat tumor

A

non small cell lung cancer

18
Q

what are the effects of lymph node meatatis

A

mass efffect, lymphagitis carcinomatosa

19
Q

where can the disat metatsic of lung cancer often be

A

liver, adreansl ,bone ,brain, skini

20
Q

What are the skeltal non metastatic effects

A

clubbing

21
Q

What are some of the endocroin effects of lung cancer

A

incrase ach, adh and pht
carinooid syndrome
gynecoastia

22
Q

what is carcinoid syndrome

A

auses redness or a feeling of warmth in your face and neck (skin flushing), chronic diarrhea, and difficulty breathing,as a result of the tumor secreting into the blood stream.

23
Q

What si teh neuraoloica non metatic effectos of lung cancer

A

polyneuropathy, encephalopathy, cerebellar degreation, myasthenia

24
Q

what are soem of the cutatioys effects of lung cancer

A

acanthois nigricans
dermtomyotiss

25
Q

what art some of the heamotlicy effectsof lung cancer

A

granulocytois, eoisphillia, dic

26
Q

what are some of the cardiovacualr effects of lungcancer

A

thromboplemitis migrans

27
Q

what are some of the renal effects of lung cancer

A

nephroitc syndorme

28
Q

wehat arethe two main syings of non metalti effects in lung cancer

A

finger clubbing and hpoa - hyper tropic pulomary osteoarthropathys ( inflation in bones and joints

29
Q

Of whcih endocrine does small cell increate - ACTH, siadh or pth

A

ACTH and siADH

30
Q

What does adenocaringom increas in ACTH, siadh or pth

A

pth

31
Q

what are the investigations for lung cancer

A

cxr,
sputum cytology,
bronchoscopy,: bronchial biopsy, bronchial brushing and washings, endobronchial us guided aspirations
transthoracic needles aspiration
transthoracic core biopsy
pleural effusion and cytology biopsy
ct
mir
pet

32
Q

what percent of patients in scotland get operations for lung cancer

A

about 10%

33
Q

which is more survivable small cell or non small el

A

higher survial rate in nosn samll cell

34
Q

what isthe main smoking induced oncode mutation

A

Kras

35
Q

what is the role fothe pd1/ pdl1 moleus

A

leads to the immune cells being swiched off and the tomour is not killed by the immune cells

36
Q
A