Respiration 4 Flashcards

1
Q

ventilation

A

air getting to alveoli

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2
Q

perfusion

A

air getting to the tissue

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3
Q

Is blood pressure or ventilation higher at the base of the lung?

A

blood pressure

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4
Q

At the apex of the lung is blood pressure or ventilation higher?

A

ventilation

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5
Q

at what point in teh lung does ventilation and perfusion natulary reach equiliburm

A

rib 3

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6
Q

what declines faster blood flow or venaltion

A

blood flow

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7
Q

what percent of the lung preforms the correct ventilation to profusion ratio without other help

A

about 75%

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8
Q

what mechanism happens if blood flow is better than ventalation

A

decreaesd blood flow to that area an will move to an area with less blood flow

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9
Q

what happens if ventaltion is greater than bloodflow

A

increaseed blood flow to area due to vasco dilation

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10
Q

shunt

A

passage of blood through an area of lung that is poorly ventalated

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11
Q

areloare dead space

A

an alveoi that is ventalated but not perfused with blood

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12
Q

physilog dead space

A

aveloiar dead space + anatomical dead space

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13
Q

what happesn do heart reate during inspiration

A

increases

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14
Q

what happens to heart rate during expiration

A

decreased

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14
Q

why does heart rate change during breathing

A

otherwise alveolar deadspace would increase during inspiration and shunt would increase during exspiration, so maintains constant perfusion

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15
Q

how much 02 is dissolved in plasma per liter

A

3ml

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16
Q

how much 02 is disleved into haemoglovib per liter

A

197ml

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17
Q

how mcuh of c02 is transported in plasma and in haemoglobing

A

77% plasma, 23% haemoglobin

18
Q

how much oxygen is used perminute by cells
how much oxygen is delivered to each cells per min

A

250 ml/min
1000ml/min

19
Q

how many oxygen molues does 1 haemoglobin carry

A

4

20
Q

what are the 3 componiati of haemolgobin

A

2 a chain
2 b chain
4 heme gropus

21
Q

what does teh heme grpu contain

A

a fe2+ ion

22
Q

how long does saturation take of haemogloigin

A

0.25s of the 1 s it is incontact

23
Q

how does the oxygen get to the haemoglobin

A

dissolves into plasma than pased ot the plasma, dissolved into it

24
Q

what happens to hamogbin saturati as you decrase oxygen pressure

A

small change inital til baout 40% than a very large change

25
Q

anaemia

A

compromise to carrying cappacity of the blood

26
Q

does po2 change in anaemia

A

no, as long as the totla cell no stays the same

27
Q

what factors affect the dissocatio curve of oxgygen

A

ph, co2, temp. dpg

28
Q

how does … affect the dissocaotion curve
a. ph
b. temp
c. conc. of co2
d. dpg

A

a. ph increased - increased affinity for 02, ph decreased, reduced affinity for 02 binding to haemoglobin
b. temp increased, decreased affinity for 02, temp decreased increased affinity for 02
c. pco2 increased decreased affinity for 02, decreased pc02 increased affinity for 02
d.dpg - affinity of haemoglobin decreased by increased dpg, helps to

29
Q

dpg role

A

2,3 diphosphoglycerate , its syntesied by erythocytes, it is increased when there is low blood supply due to heart/lung disease or high alitidue

30
Q

how many times greater is teh affity of CO compared with o2

A

250times greater

31
Q

what is the treatement for co

A

100% 02

32
Q

signs of co poisioning

A

amaemia, nausia, hyposix, cherry red skin and mucous memanes, normal respiation rate to normal co2 levels

33
Q

what perent of c02 is dissovled in the plasma

A

7

34
Q

what percent of c02 binds with haemoglobin and where does it occur

A

23 in eryotyces

35
Q

What happens to the remaining c02 that does not bind with haemoglobin or is dissolved in plasma

A

Binds with h20 in the erythrocytes, and forms carbonic acids, it then removes h+ to form bicarbonate acid, the cl- ions replace the bicarbonate and the h+ binds to remain haemoglobin. This then all happens in reverse

36
Q

What is the main form of haemoglobin?

A

hba (92%)

37
Q

what is hba2

A

delta reapace b chain

38
Q

What is HDF

A

gamma chain replace b chainS

39
Q

what are hba1a, hba1b and hba 1c

A

glycosylated hb

40
Q

What is myoglobin

A

It only has one polypeptide chain, found in cardiac and skeletal muscle

41
Q

5 types of hypoxia

A

hypoxaemic reduced o2 to lungs
, anaemic reduced the ability of blood to carry oxygen
, stagnant reduced cardiac output
, histotoxic posing stopping cells from using oxygen delivered, e.g. carbon monoxide
, metabolic oxygen delivered to tissues to meet increased oxygen demand by cells

42
Q

What is the difference between arterial partial pressure and arterial 02 content?

A

partial pressure is the pressure exerted by the oxygen on the blood, , arterial 02 content amount of o2 in 100ml of blood

43
Q

Can gas travel in a gaseous stage in blood?

A

No, air bubbles will form.