lung cancer clinical features and staging Flashcards

1
Q

what percent of lung cancer patients are smoker

A

85%

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2
Q

what geneder is smoking more common in

A

males

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3
Q

what age is the highest proportion of cancers in

A

elderly - 80s and 98 yeaar olds

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4
Q

is m ortaily increasing or decreasing in lung cancers

A

decreasing

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5
Q

what risk factors other than smoking contribute to cancer

A

asbestos, radon, air pollution and desil exahust

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6
Q

what are the 10 clincail feautrs of lung cancer

A

chronic cough, coughting up blood, wheezing sound, chest and bone pain, chest infections, difficulty swallowing, raspy hoarse voice, shortness of breath, unexplained weight loss, nail clubbing

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7
Q

what are the symptons of metasticic cancer speead

A

bone pain, spinal courd compression (limb weakness, paraestheis, bladder and bowl dysfunction), cerebak metatis ( headaches, vomiting, dizziness, ataxia, focal weakness. thrombosis `

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8
Q

what are the signs of paraneoplisic

A

hyponatraemia, anaemia, hypercalcaemia, dermamyosistis, eaton - larbert syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, sensorimotor neuropathy

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9
Q

eaton lambert syndrom

A

immune system attacks the nervous system

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10
Q

dermatomyosistis

A

inflamation of musle tissues

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11
Q

what are the clincial signs of lung cancer

A

chest sings, clubbing, lymphadenopathy, horners syndrome, pancosat tumor, superior vena cava obstruction, hepatomegaly, skin nodules.

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12
Q

what is the initial investigations for lung cancer

A

cxr, fbc, renal and liver fucntions, clotting screen, spirometry

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13
Q

what is ebus

A

guiding a needle thorugh mri to drain a lymph node in broncial medal stienum

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14
Q

what tissue metastiac diagnois can be done

A

broncospcpy, ebus, image guided lung biopsy, image gudined liver biosby, fna of neck node or skin metastatis, excision of central mettstti, bone biopsy, mediastinoscpy/otomy

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15
Q

what type of scanners are sed for liver biopys

A

either ct or mri

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16
Q

what is the most common type of lung cancer

A

adenocarcinoma (40%

17
Q

what is the top 3 type of lung cancer

A

adenocaring (40%), suamous cell carinoma ( 30%), small cell carcinoma ( 15%), large cell carcineom (10%)

18
Q

where is adenocarcinoma found

A

in glands i.e. epitheilu tissue

19
Q

what is the stadging of primary tumors

A

eith t for primary tumor or m for metastasis tumor

20
Q

what does tx mean

A

tumor cannon be asses

21
Q

what is to

A

no evidnce of tumor

22
Q

what percent of patients with stadge 1 live more than 1 year

A

80

23
Q

what percent of patines with tadge 2 live more than 1 year

A

80

24
Q

what percen tof patine with stadge 3 lie more than 1 year

A

50

25
Q

hat percecnt of patients with stadge four live more than 1 year

A

20

26
Q

what does a pet scan involve

A

use of sugar contrast for stadging

27
Q

what is a 0 - 4 on performance status

A

0 - fully active, 1 - sympotons but arberty , 2 - up and about more than 50 per cent of the time , 3 - bed bound more than 50% of the time, 4 - fully bedbound

28
Q

what percent of patiens guts surgery for lung cancer

A

up to 18%

29
Q

whta is the surgicall options for lung cancer

A

wedge resectoins, lobectomy, pneumonectormy,

30
Q

what is the radiotherly optons

A

radical, pallitive, sterectoatic

31
Q

what is the chemotherapy options fo lung cancer

A

pallative, combined with radiothery, tartved e.g. tyrosine kinase inhibtors or monoclonal antibionds

32
Q

what are example tyroosine kinaes inhibor or monochronl antibiodes

A

erlotinib, gefinib, crizotinib

33
Q

what chemothroy agenst works on all lung cancers

A

cisplatin

34
Q

what is the alternative chemopther agent for small cell cancers

A

etoposide

35
Q

what is the alternative chemothery agent for adenocarcinoma

A

pemetrexed

36
Q

what is the alternative chemtheropy treament for squamous cancers

A

gemcitabine.

37
Q

what are possiblities for patlive care mamage

A

opiates, benzodiasipas , biphosphonates (osteoperosis)
treating synnptons
radiothery for pain an dhaemoptysis
chemotherapy