TB Flashcards

1
Q

Which social economic group are most at risk of tb

A

those who are most deprived

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2
Q

what is the realationshoip of tb incidena snd undernurismetn

A

increase in undernurishment increase in tb

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3
Q

where are most tb cases from

A

abroad and certain burrows of london
china, bangledishe, nigheria, congo, nigheria, pakastian, philipies, indoinnaea

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4
Q

which health conditionw make you morke likely to have tb

A

diabties, hiv positive, immunosupprested

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5
Q

what is the second most common signle infective agent to cause death world wide

A

tb, covid first

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6
Q

what bacteria is responsible for tb

A

mycobacteria - this includes, m. tuberculosis, m africanum, m bovis

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7
Q

what other diease can mycobactira cause

A

leprosy and non tb mycobactira and atuypial mycoabction

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8
Q

is mycobactira aeorbic or anerobic

A

aerobic

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9
Q

what special function does the cel wal have of mycobacteria

A

very thick so it is resibant to ascids, alkalas and degenr,s resitnat to nejupoils and macrophage desticuion

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10
Q

how does tb spread

A

airborned

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11
Q

how to reduced airborne bactreia

A

uv radioan

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12
Q

how long do you need to typically be exposed to airborne tb to catch it

A

8 hours

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13
Q

what tyep of effector caells react to tb

A

TH1 immune cells

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14
Q

what does the th1 immune cell do

A

triggers mracophage activaation

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15
Q

what happens aftr the marcophage is formed

A

it turns into a eptheoild cell which is a granuloma

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16
Q

what do the epithlod cells turn into

A

langhans giant cells

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17
Q

what are the probemsl with th1 cell mediated respone

A

it causes tissue destcuciont

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18
Q

how does tb spread

A

vis lympathic to hilary lympodes

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19
Q

can you tell if the idseas is contiaed or cleared

A

no

20
Q

what happens to the primary inection in tb

A

it can progress to tb bronchopneumia

21
Q

what is tuberculosi bronchipnumoa

A

where priary tb proges to it

22
Q

what are the results of tb bronchopnmhisp

A

caviatyion, enlarged hilary lymph compres bronchi - leading to lobar collapse
enlaryed lymph nose dischaes into bronchus

23
Q

what is miliary tb look like

A

a millet seed on an autopys this deglps and spreads to multiple organs

24
Q

what is the restl of miliary tb

A

can spread to cns in 10- 30% of cases
see fine mlolin on x-ray

25
Q

whgat is the post primary diseas stage of tb

A

tb enerer doramatn latent stage, or balace of replicant and destiucion by immune cells

26
Q

how long does milary tb take to develop

A

5- 12 months

27
Q

when does post primary diseae often occur

A

1- 5 year after - u p to 40 years

28
Q

what are the symphotns of tb

A

cough , fver, night sweats, weight loss

29
Q

what are some of the tests for tb

A

unable crp and esr
cxr,
sputm coulbr
bronchipsy with ball
ebus
lumbar punctin in cns tb
urine in urogient tb
apart bipsy form tisues

30
Q

when should a ct be considered for tb

A

norma cxr hbut clian ysuspication, miliary tb, cavitaiotn and other differtaion, lymphadopahy, targes for bal

31
Q

what are signs on a chest xr for tb

A

medial synapth lympahoty , pulmary effusion, millary

32
Q

what does post primary tb look like on a cxr

A

fluffy upper noduyle space, lyjmphadopy

33
Q

what drus are used to trate tb

A

isonizid, pyrazinamide, rifampicin and ethambutol

34
Q

what happens if you single agent treat tb

A

leads to multop drug resiant oransim

35
Q

how long is tb ttherapy

A

6 monts

36
Q

what tests whoucl be done before the onset of tb thearapy

A

hiv, hep b and c

37
Q

which drugs are taken for 2 mots

A

isonizid, pyrazinamdie, rifapicin and ethambutol

38
Q

what durgs are tkaen for the last 4 months

A

isoniazid and rifampicin

39
Q

what supplemts whoud be taken during tb

A

vitamen b 6 - pyridoxine - redues risk of nerupath
sertorisds, - pericarial and for millary tb
vitament d subitution

40
Q

what are the side effects of rifapicin

A

orange urine/ leatrs, incudes liver enzymes * perdinsol and anticonvulsants)
makes all hormoal contrasipie ineffecive
risk of hep

41
Q

what is the risk of isoniazid

A

hep
preipahl nerupiay ( reduced iwhth pryidoxine b6)

42
Q

what is the risk of pyrazinamide

A

gout , hep

43
Q

what isthe risk of ethanbutol

A

opitical neruapthy

44
Q

who gets bcg

A

all whose are bron in a cought with incied of tb great tna 40/100000

45
Q

who shouod be screend for latent tb

A

those with active pulmonary or lyangeal tb less than 65 due to the hepatotxicity risk - chest xray
over 66 should have chest xry to rule out active tb only
new entrants fromhigh rsik areas
tnf alpha inhibtirs

46
Q

what screeing is doe for laent tb

A

cxr, mantoux skin test or interferon gamma relase assay blood test

47
Q

what is the diagnos for latent tb

A

noralr chxr, postive igra, asympocnatic