Lower respiritory infections in adults

Question 1

what are signs of acute bronchtiis

Answer 1

cough and sputum

Question 2

when should you see your gp with acute broncits

Answer 2

more than 3 weeks of symptons, high temp, cough up mucous with blood, heart condition or asthma, repeated bronchitis

Question 3

what are antibiotics sfor copd exacertabionts and broncitiss

Answer 3

amoxicllin, doxycycline, co trimoxazole, carithromycin

Question 4

what bacteria can cause copd exacerbations bronchitis

Answer 4

streptococcus pneonia, haemophilus influenza, moxaxella catarrhalis

Question 5

what are signs of bronchtis with copd

Answer 5

change in colour of sputum, fevers, increased breathlessness, wheeze cough

Question 6

pneumonia

Answer 6

inflamtatoin of the lung parenchyma

Question 7

what is the risk factors for pnemonia

Answer 7

smoking, alchol, extermes of age, preceding viral illness, chronic illness, immunocompromised, hospitalisation, ivdu

Question 8

what are the symptons of pnemonia

Answer 8

fever, righors, myalgia
a dry , cough and sputum
chest pain
breathlessnesss

Question 9

what ar teh signs of pneumonia

Answer 9

tachypnoea, tachey carida, ruedced exspantion, dull percusionk, bronchial breathing, crepitations, vocal resonance

Question 10

what investigations can be done for community pneumonia

Answer 10

cxr

Question 11

what investigations can be done for hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer 11

bloods, - serum bicomistry full blood count, crp
blood cultures
cxr
sputm cultreues
legionella urinary antigen

Question 12

what are the differential diagnois for pnemonia

Answer 12

tuberculosis
lung cancer
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary odeoma
pulmonary vasculitis

Question 13

what bacteria maily cause pneomia

Answer 13

strep pneumoniae (40%)
mycroplasma pneumiea (10.8)
h. influenza (5.2%)

Question 14

what are typical community aquied pneumoina infections

Answer 14

streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilius influenzae, mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 15

what are the main atypical acuirued pneumoina infections

Answer 15

legionella pneumophilia ( fresh water)
chlamydia pneumoniae ( cad)
chlamydia psittaci ( birds)
coxiella burnetti ( farm animals)
moxella catarrhalis ( copd)

Question 16

main viruse which cuase pneumina

Answer 16

influesa , rsv, sars , varicella

Question 17

what are normal hospial strains of pneumoina

Answer 17

enterobacteria, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aerigunosa, klebisella pneumiae

Question 18

what bacteria can cuase a cavigagtion

Answer 18

staphycocusus auresus, klebsiella pneumoiase, tb

Question 19

what is the curb 65 scoring

Answer 19

c - confusion
b - blood urea greater than 7mmol/l
r - respiratory rate greater than 30 breaths per min
b systoic blood pressure less than 90mmgy and diastolic blood pressure less than 60 mmhg
65 - age 65 or over

Question 20

what is the normal treatment for curb 0- 1 and for peniclliin alergy

Answer 20

amoxicillin
peniclin allergy - clarithromycin or doxycyclinne
duration 5 days

Question 21

what is the normal treament for curb 2 o pencilinn allergy

Answer 21

amoxicllin _ clarithomycin
allergy - levofloxacin
duration 5-7 days

Question 22

what is the normal treatment for curb 3-5 or for penicillin allergy

Answer 22

co- amoxicav, clarithromycin
allergy - levofloaxcin or co-trimoxazole
duration - 7 -10 days

Question 23

What are the likely bacteria if influenza was pressent

Answer 23

staphyloccucs

Question 24

what conditions may lead to aspirating pneumoinai

Answer 24

strokes, ms, myasteheisa, oesophageal disea

Question 25

what is teh treatment for aspirating pneumoina

Answer 25

amoxicillin and metronidazole

Question 26

what are immuno comporidsed infection microbes

Answer 26

haemotoloigcia malignacy, neutropenic, hiv fungi - aspergilliums, fumgatus, candida viruses, cmv, hsv, vzv pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, co - trimoxazole

Question 27

wha treamten used be used for pneumocystis jiroveci pneumoniae

Answer 27

co - trimoxazole

Question 28

what are common complications of pneumina

Answer 28

sepis, acute kideny injury, adult respiratory distress syndrome, parapnneumonic effusion empyema lung absess disseminated infection

Question 29

what are the differneece between simle and complicated

Answer 29

ph, simple greater than 7.2 compilicated less than 7.2

Question 30

how to detect a parapnemoin effusion or empyema

Answer 30

ultrasound and cxr

Question 31

what causes a lung abses

Answer 31

stath auresu, pseudomonas,

Question 32

what is the symptons of a lung absess

Answer 32

sputum which is plurent , haemoptysis pneumia which does not get better, malaise an wehigh loss

Question 33

how to dected lung abses

Answer 33

bronchosocpy and ct rasied infmlartyr makres anaemia

Question 34

how long is the recovary for pneumonia

Answer 34

weeks

Question 35

what is bronchiecasis

Answer 35

dilation of the broncchi, leading to increased mucous production and airway thickening

Question 36

what is the causes of bronchiectasis

Answer 36

idopathic, childhod infection, cf, ciliary dyskinesia, hypogammaglobulineaemia, allergic bronchopulmnary aspergillosis

Question 37

what are the symptons of bronchiectasis

Answer 37

chronci productive cough, breathlessnesss, recurrunt lrti, haemophyiss fingerclubbing, crepitatins, wheeze, obsstrucive spirometry,sputum

Question 38

what are the signs of bronchitis

Answer 38

hr ct scant - ram tak airawys chest xray pumtum examinaion immuen assesmetn sweat test and cf gnee assesment nasal no - this is reduced ige

Question 39

what are the general treatemt for bronchiectatis

Answer 39

sputem chest physio mucocolytics prolonged antibitic course vaccinations

Question 40

what is the general treatemt for pymia

Answer 40

o2 fludis antibitics thromboproylasis analgesia

Question 41

when should the chest x ray be repeadted for pneumonia and for who - after 6 weeks for those over 65

Answer 41

after 6 weeks for those over 65

Question 42

what type of cell is seen in bronchiecatiss

Answer 42

neutrophils

Question 43

what bacteria gives a orange phlem

Answer 43

staphylloccucus aureus, klebissella pneumoinae and tb

Question 44

what bacteria gives a orange colour phlem

Answer 44

psedomonas aerigunosa