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Respiratory System > Lower respiritory infections in adults > Flashcards

Lower respiritory infections in adults Flashcards

1
Q

what are signs of acute bronchtiis

A

cough and sputum

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2
Q

when should you see your gp with acute broncits

A

more than 3 weeks of symptons, high temp, cough up mucous with blood, heart condition or asthma, repeated bronchitis

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3
Q

what are antibiotics sfor copd exacertabionts and broncitiss

A

amoxicllin, doxycycline, co trimoxazole, carithromycin

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4
Q

what bacteria can cause copd exacerbations bronchitis

A

streptococcus pneonia, haemophilus influenza, moxaxella catarrhalis

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5
Q

what are signs of bronchtis with copd

A

change in colour of sputum, fevers, increased breathlessness, wheeze cough

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6
Q

pneumonia

A

inflamtatoin of the lung parenchyma

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7
Q

what is the risk factors for pnemonia

A

smoking, alchol, extermes of age, preceding viral illness, chronic illness, immunocompromised, hospitalisation, ivdu

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8
Q

what are the symptons of pnemonia

A

fever, righors, myalgia
a dry , cough and sputum
chest pain
breathlessnesss

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9
Q

what ar teh signs of pneumonia

A

tachypnoea, tachey carida, ruedced exspantion, dull percusionk, bronchial breathing, crepitations, vocal resonance

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10
Q

what investigations can be done for community pneumonia

A

cxr

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11
Q

what investigations can be done for hospital acquired pneumonia

A

bloods, - serum bicomistry full blood count, crp
blood cultures
cxr
sputm cultreues
legionella urinary antigen

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12
Q

what are the differential diagnois for pnemonia

A

tuberculosis
lung cancer
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary odeoma
pulmonary vasculitis

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13
Q

what bacteria maily cause pneomia

A

strep pneumoniae (40%)
mycroplasma pneumiea (10.8)
h. influenza (5.2%)

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14
Q

what are typical community aquied pneumoina infections

A

streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilius influenzae, mycoplasma pneumoniae

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15
Q

what are the main atypical acuirued pneumoina infections

A

legionella pneumophilia ( fresh water)
chlamydia pneumoniae ( cad)
chlamydia psittaci ( birds)
coxiella burnetti ( farm animals)
moxella catarrhalis ( copd)

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16
Q

main viruse which cuase pneumina

A

influesa , rsv, sars , varicella

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17
Q

what are normal hospial strains of pneumoina

A

enterobacteria, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aerigunosa, klebisella pneumiae

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18
Q

what bacteria can cuase a cavigagtion

A

staphycocusus auresus, klebsiella pneumoiase, tb

19
Q

what is the curb 65 scoring

A

c - confusion
b - blood urea greater than 7mmol/l
r - respiratory rate greater than 30 breaths per min
b systoic blood pressure less than 90mmgy and diastolic blood pressure less than 60 mmhg
65 - age 65 or over

20
Q

what is the normal treatment for curb 0- 1 and for peniclliin alergy

A

amoxicillin
peniclin allergy - clarithromycin or doxycyclinne
duration 5 days

21
Q

what is the normal treament for curb 2 o pencilinn allergy

A

amoxicllin _ clarithomycin
allergy - levofloxacin
duration 5-7 days

22
Q

what is the normal treatment for curb 3-5 or for penicillin allergy

A

co- amoxicav, clarithromycin
allergy - levofloaxcin or co-trimoxazole
duration - 7 -10 days

23
Q

What are the likely bacteria if influenza was pressent

A

staphyloccucs

24
Q

what conditions may lead to aspirating pneumoinai

A

strokes, ms, myasteheisa, oesophageal disea

25
Q

what is teh treatment for aspirating pneumoina

A

amoxicillin and metronidazole

26
Q

what are immuno comporidsed infection microbes

A

haemotoloigcia malignacy, neutropenic, hiv
fungi - aspergilliums, fumgatus, candida
viruses, cmv, hsv, vzv
pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, co - trimoxazole

27
Q

wha treamten used be used for pneumocystis jiroveci pneumoniae

A

co - trimoxazole

28
Q

what are common complications of pneumina

A

sepis, acute kideny injury, adult respiratory distress syndrome, parapnneumonic effusion
empyema
lung absess
disseminated infection

29
Q

what are the differneece between simle and complicated

A

ph, simple greater than 7.2 compilicated less than 7.2

30
Q

how to detect a parapnemoin effusion or empyema

A

ultrasound and cxr

31
Q

what causes a lung abses

A

stath auresu, pseudomonas,

32
Q

what is the symptons of a lung absess

A

sputum which is plurent , haemoptysis
pneumia which does not get better, malaise an wehigh loss

33
Q

how to dected lung abses

A

bronchosocpy and ct
rasied infmlartyr makres
anaemia

34
Q

how long is the recovary for pneumonia

A

weeks

35
Q

what is bronchiecasis

A

dilation of the broncchi, leading to increased mucous production and airway thickening

36
Q

what is the causes of bronchiectasis

A

idopathic, childhod infection, cf, ciliary dyskinesia, hypogammaglobulineaemia, allergic bronchopulmnary aspergillosis

37
Q

what are the symptons of bronchiectasis

A

chronci productive cough, breathlessnesss, recurrunt lrti, haemophyiss fingerclubbing, crepitatins, wheeze, obsstrucive spirometry,sputum

38
Q

what are the signs of bronchitis

A

hr ct scant - ram tak airawys
chest xray
pumtum examinaion
immuen assesmetn
sweat test and cf gnee assesment
nasal no - this is reduced
ige

39
Q

what are the general treatemt for bronchiectatis

A

sputem
chest physio
mucocolytics
prolonged antibitic course
vaccinations

40
Q

what is the general treatemt for pymia

A

o2
fludis
antibitics
thromboproylasis
analgesia

41
Q

when should the chest x ray be repeadted for pneumonia and for who - after 6 weeks for those over 65

A

after 6 weeks for those over 65

42
Q

what type of cell is seen in bronchiecatiss

A

neutrophils

43
Q

what bacteria gives a orange phlem

A

staphylloccucus aureus, klebissella pneumoinae and tb

44
Q

what bacteria gives a orange colour phlem

A

psedomonas aerigunosa

Respiratory System (28 decks)

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