Respitory physiology 5

Question 1

what muscles are used inspiration

Answer 1

external intercostal musles, diaphram, also scalen, sterinomaois and abdominal musles

Question 2

What nerve controls inspiration

Answer 2

phrenic

Question 3

what spinal cord level controls phrenic nerve

Answer 3

c3-c5

Question 4

Types of factors that affect ventral rythum

Answer 4

emotional, voluntray override , mechanosenory e.g. strech reglex , chemical compisoin of the boold

Question 5

What is the vrg and what does it include

Answer 5

ventral repiritory group of neurons,
includes: tonuge, pharlyc, laryncs, expiratory musles

Question 6

What is the drg and what does it include

Answer 6

dorsal repirtyr gropu of neurons
includes all inspiratory muscles, and intercostal and phrenic nerve

Question 7

chemoreceptor function

Answer 7

Change in chemical composition

Question 8

what do central chemorecpotrs moduclater

Answer 8

h+ conetration (from co2)

Question 9

where are central cehmoreceptors found

Answer 9

medulla

Question 10

where are periphearl chemoreceptors found

Answer 10

carotid and arotic bondes

Question 11

what do pheripheral chemorecpeptors respond to

Answer 11

p02 and plasma h+ conection

Question 12

what is bicarbiate co2 equeation equation

Answer 12

c02 + h20 to h2c03 to h+ + hc03-

Question 13

how does level h+ cahnge in teh brain

Answer 13

co2 dissoces diffes from blood acroso blood brain barrier, this allow it to interact with h20 in the cnf and change into bicarbonate and h+

Question 14

how doe a 10% in c02 change the minute ventaltion

Answer 14

increases it by 100%

Question 15

what chemoreceptors do pepole with chroinc lung disease rely on

Answer 15

pheripheal as central are damaged though prolonged exposure to c02

Question 16

hypercapnea

Answer 16

high co2 levles

Question 17

what happens when ther is a small change in 02 levels to the minute venat

Answer 17

little change as saturtion stay simmilar till about 60mmhg

Question 18

how are peripharl signal transported

Answer 18

trhough action potentials to exercytois of dompaine coming vessile to trigger dopamine receptoents

Question 19

do peripher recepotrs respinad to decrease in no. of cells

Answer 19

no, only decrease in saturation of those cells as pa02 is noralm

Question 20

what do opoid and barbiturates do

Answer 20

they depress repsiraty sensor as tehy reduce sensitvy to ph, thus central chemo recparotrs, a dn periphal chemoo recrepceptors as depress p02

Question 21

what effect does nitrough oxide have

Answer 21

this blutes pehrical chemo recptors, it is safe in most induclat but not safe for those with a hpoxic drive, adding o2 can make situation worse as carbon dioxide level rise further

Question 22

what is a hypoxic drive

Answer 22

co2 has little effect on the tissue due to overuse

Question 23

What happens to ventalation if plasma ph falls

Answer 23

it will increase

Question 24

what happens to venlation if plasma ph increase

Answer 24

decrase

Question 25

what is the effect on increased ventation of ph

Answer 25

increases it due to remoiving co2 and decrease h+

Question 26

how does decrease ventalin effect ph

Answer 26

increase it by retain co2 and increase h+

Question 27

where is hc03 controlled

Answer 27

kidneys

Question 28

how will a rise or fall in hc03 effect ph

Answer 28

increase ph will increase, decrease ph falls

Question 29

what effect does latic acid have on ventation

Answer 29

vental has to increase to decrese co2 to bring back ph to nomarl

Question 30

are our bodies more effect by high co2 or low o2

Answer 30

high co2

Question 31

what effect does swalling have on respiartion

Answer 31

when you swallow venelation stops, when you finish swaling you exsipre a small breath to remove any particles