TB

Question 1

Which social economic group are most at risk of tb

Answer 1

those who are most deprived

Question 2

what is the realationshoip of tb incidena snd undernurismetn

Answer 2

increase in undernurishment increase in tb

Question 3

where are most tb cases from

Answer 3

abroad and certain burrows of london
china, bangledishe, nigheria, congo, nigheria, pakastian, philipies, indoinnaea

Question 4

which health conditionw make you morke likely to have tb

Answer 4

diabties, hiv positive, immunosupprested

Question 5

what is the second most common signle infective agent to cause death world wide

Answer 5

tb, covid first

Question 6

what bacteria is responsible for tb

Answer 6

mycobacteria - this includes, m. tuberculosis, m africanum, m bovis

Question 7

what other diease can mycobactira cause

Answer 7

leprosy and non tb mycobactira and atuypial mycoabction

Question 8

is mycobactira aeorbic or anerobic

Answer 8

aerobic

Question 9

what special function does the cel wal have of mycobacteria

Answer 9

very thick so it is resibant to ascids, alkalas and degenr,s resitnat to nejupoils and macrophage desticuion

Question 10

how does tb spread

Answer 10

airborned

Question 11

how to reduced airborne bactreia

Answer 11

uv radioan

Question 12

how long do you need to typically be exposed to airborne tb to catch it

Answer 12

8 hours

Question 13

what tyep of effector caells react to tb

Answer 13

TH1 immune cells

Question 14

what does the th1 immune cell do

Answer 14

triggers mracophage activaation

Question 15

what happens aftr the marcophage is formed

Answer 15

it turns into a eptheoild cell which is a granuloma

Question 16

what do the epithlod cells turn into

Answer 16

langhans giant cells

Question 17

what are the probemsl with th1 cell mediated respone

Answer 17

it causes tissue destcuciont

Question 18

how does tb spread

Answer 18

vis lympathic to hilary lympodes

Question 19

can you tell if the idseas is contiaed or cleared

Answer 19

no

Question 20

what happens to the primary inection in tb

Answer 20

it can progress to tb bronchopneumia

Question 21

what is tuberculosi bronchipnumoa

Answer 21

where priary tb proges to it

Question 22

what are the results of tb bronchopnmhisp

Answer 22

caviatyion, enlarged hilary lymph compres bronchi - leading to lobar collapse
enlaryed lymph nose dischaes into bronchus

Question 23

what is miliary tb look like

Answer 23

a millet seed on an autopys this deglps and spreads to multiple organs

Question 24

what is the restl of miliary tb

Answer 24

can spread to cns in 10- 30% of cases
see fine mlolin on x-ray

Question 25

whgat is the post primary diseas stage of tb

Answer 25

tb enerer doramatn latent stage, or balace of replicant and destiucion by immune cells

Question 26

how long does milary tb take to develop

Answer 26

5- 12 months

Question 27

when does post primary diseae often occur

Answer 27

1- 5 year after - u p to 40 years

Question 28

what are the symphotns of tb

Answer 28

cough , fver, night sweats, weight loss

Question 29

what are some of the tests for tb

Answer 29

unable crp and esr
cxr,
sputm coulbr
bronchipsy with ball
ebus
lumbar punctin in cns tb
urine in urogient tb
apart bipsy form tisues

Question 30

when should a ct be considered for tb

Answer 30

norma cxr hbut clian ysuspication, miliary tb, cavitaiotn and other differtaion, lymphadopahy, targes for bal

Question 31

what are signs on a chest xr for tb

Answer 31

medial synapth lympahoty , pulmary effusion, millary

Question 32

what does post primary tb look like on a cxr

Answer 32

fluffy upper noduyle space, lyjmphadopy

Question 33

what drus are used to trate tb

Answer 33

isonizid, pyrazinamide, rifampicin and ethambutol

Question 34

what happens if you single agent treat tb

Answer 34

leads to multop drug resiant oransim

Question 35

how long is tb ttherapy

Answer 35

6 monts

Question 36

what tests whoucl be done before the onset of tb thearapy

Answer 36

hiv, hep b and c

Question 37

which drugs are taken for 2 mots

Answer 37

isonizid, pyrazinamdie, rifapicin and ethambutol

Question 38

what durgs are tkaen for the last 4 months

Answer 38

isoniazid and rifampicin

Question 39

what supplemts whoud be taken during tb

Answer 39

vitamen b 6 - pyridoxine - redues risk of nerupath
sertorisds, - pericarial and for millary tb
vitament d subitution

Question 40

what are the side effects of rifapicin

Answer 40

orange urine/ leatrs, incudes liver enzymes * perdinsol and anticonvulsants)
makes all hormoal contrasipie ineffecive
risk of hep

Question 41

what is the risk of isoniazid

Answer 41

hep
preipahl nerupiay ( reduced iwhth pryidoxine b6)

Question 42

what is the risk of pyrazinamide

Answer 42

gout , hep

Question 43

what isthe risk of ethanbutol

Answer 43

opitical neruapthy

Question 44

who gets bcg

Answer 44

all whose are bron in a cought with incied of tb great tna 40/100000

Question 45

who shouod be screend for latent tb

Answer 45

those with active pulmonary or lyangeal tb less than 65 due to the hepatotxicity risk - chest xray
over 66 should have chest xry to rule out active tb only
new entrants fromhigh rsik areas
tnf alpha inhibtirs

Question 46

what screeing is doe for laent tb

Answer 46

cxr, mantoux skin test or interferon gamma relase assay blood test

Question 47

what is the diagnos for latent tb

Answer 47

noralr chxr, postive igra, asympocnatic