Respiration 4

Question 1

ventilation

Answer 1

air getting to alveoli

Question 2

perfusion

Answer 2

air getting to the tissue

Question 3

Is blood pressure or ventilation higher at the base of the lung?

Answer 3

blood pressure

Question 4

At the apex of the lung is blood pressure or ventilation higher?

Answer 4

ventilation

Question 5

at what point in teh lung does ventilation and perfusion natulary reach equiliburm

Answer 5

rib 3

Question 6

what declines faster blood flow or venaltion

Answer 6

blood flow

Question 7

what percent of the lung preforms the correct ventilation to profusion ratio without other help

Answer 7

about 75%

Question 8

what mechanism happens if blood flow is better than ventalation

Answer 8

decreaesd blood flow to that area an will move to an area with less blood flow

Question 9

what happens if ventaltion is greater than bloodflow

Answer 9

increaseed blood flow to area due to vasco dilation

Question 10

shunt

Answer 10

passage of blood through an area of lung that is poorly ventalated

Question 11

areloare dead space

Answer 11

an alveoi that is ventalated but not perfused with blood

Question 12

physilog dead space

Answer 12

aveloiar dead space + anatomical dead space

Question 13

what happesn do heart reate during inspiration

Answer 13

increases

Question 14

what happens to heart rate during expiration

Answer 14

decreased

Question 14

why does heart rate change during breathing

Answer 14

otherwise alveolar deadspace would increase during inspiration and shunt would increase during exspiration, so maintains constant perfusion

Question 15

how much 02 is dissolved in plasma per liter

Answer 15

3ml

Question 16

how much 02 is disleved into haemoglovib per liter

Answer 16

197ml

Question 17

how mcuh of c02 is transported in plasma and in haemoglobing

Answer 17

77% plasma, 23% haemoglobin

Question 18

how much oxygen is used perminute by cells
how much oxygen is delivered to each cells per min

Answer 18

250 ml/min
1000ml/min

Question 19

how many oxygen molues does 1 haemoglobin carry

Answer 19

4

Question 20

what are the 3 componiati of haemolgobin

Answer 20

2 a chain
2 b chain
4 heme gropus

Question 21

what does teh heme grpu contain

Answer 21

a fe2+ ion

Question 22

how long does saturation take of haemogloigin

Answer 22

0.25s of the 1 s it is incontact

Question 23

how does the oxygen get to the haemoglobin

Answer 23

dissolves into plasma than pased ot the plasma, dissolved into it

Question 24

what happens to hamogbin saturati as you decrase oxygen pressure

Answer 24

small change inital til baout 40% than a very large change

Question 25

anaemia

Answer 25

compromise to carrying cappacity of the blood

Question 26

does po2 change in anaemia

Answer 26

no, as long as the totla cell no stays the same

Question 27

what factors affect the dissocatio curve of oxgygen

Answer 27

ph, co2, temp. dpg

Question 28

how does … affect the dissocaotion curve
a. ph
b. temp
c. conc. of co2
d. dpg

Answer 28

a. ph increased - increased affinity for 02, ph decreased, reduced affinity for 02 binding to haemoglobin
b. temp increased, decreased affinity for 02, temp decreased increased affinity for 02
c. pco2 increased decreased affinity for 02, decreased pc02 increased affinity for 02
d.dpg - affinity of haemoglobin decreased by increased dpg, helps to

Question 29

dpg role

Answer 29

2,3 diphosphoglycerate , its syntesied by erythocytes, it is increased when there is low blood supply due to heart/lung disease or high alitidue

Question 30

how many times greater is teh affity of CO compared with o2

Answer 30

250times greater

Question 31

what is the treatement for co

Answer 31

100% 02

Question 32

signs of co poisioning

Answer 32

amaemia, nausia, hyposix, cherry red skin and mucous memanes, normal respiation rate to normal co2 levels

Question 33

what perent of c02 is dissovled in the plasma

Answer 33

7

Question 34

what percent of c02 binds with haemoglobin and where does it occur

Answer 34

23 in eryotyces

Question 35

What happens to the remaining c02 that does not bind with haemoglobin or is dissolved in plasma

Answer 35

Binds with h20 in the erythrocytes, and forms carbonic acids, it then removes h+ to form bicarbonate acid, the cl- ions replace the bicarbonate and the h+ binds to remain haemoglobin. This then all happens in reverse

Question 36

What is the main form of haemoglobin?

Answer 36

hba (92%)

Question 37

what is hba2

Answer 37

delta reapace b chain

Question 38

What is HDF

Answer 38

gamma chain replace b chainS

Question 39

what are hba1a, hba1b and hba 1c

Answer 39

glycosylated hb

Question 40

What is myoglobin

Answer 40

It only has one polypeptide chain, found in cardiac and skeletal muscle

Question 41

5 types of hypoxia

Answer 41

hypoxaemic reduced o2 to lungs
, anaemic reduced the ability of blood to carry oxygen
, stagnant reduced cardiac output
, histotoxic posing stopping cells from using oxygen delivered, e.g. carbon monoxide
, metabolic oxygen delivered to tissues to meet increased oxygen demand by cells

Question 42

What is the difference between arterial partial pressure and arterial 02 content?

Answer 42

partial pressure is the pressure exerted by the oxygen on the blood, , arterial 02 content amount of o2 in 100ml of blood

Question 43

Can gas travel in a gaseous stage in blood?

Answer 43

No, air bubbles will form.