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Respiratory System > Pathology of obstuctilve lung disease > Flashcards

Pathology of obstuctilve lung disease Flashcards

1
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is astma

A

1

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2
Q

what cells are responsible for an astma attack

A

mast

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3
Q

what defincity makes you more suspecepitle to bronchitei and empyseam

A

aplah - 1 antiporase - antrypsin

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4
Q

what is the clincal definition for chronci bronchitis

A

cough producitve of pspum most days in at least 3 consequctim months for 2 or more consecutive years

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5
Q

what change does broncitis cause in large and small aiway

A

large airways, mough gland hyperplaia, goblet cell hyperplasia, inlmation and fibrosis is a minor complone
small airway, increase in goblet cells, inflatm and fibrosis

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6
Q

what is emphysema

A

destuction of teh bronchile walls or dilationi of the bricon to increase airsawpce between ternal bonchiloes

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7
Q

centriacinar ephyiam

A

damage to lung tisssues concentrated around respiarty bonciles yet presergin disalt alvelar duct and alveoli

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8
Q

panacinar emphysema

A

associated with a1 antitrypsin decion, this destruction affect the whole acinus

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9
Q

acinus

A

part of the lung contain aveloar duct, sac and blood vessels in the area and alveli

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10
Q

Pericinar emphyseam

A

creasts a bulla, a large bulk under teh pleura, it is assoicaed with enlargment of the airspace at the edge of the acinar unit

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11
Q

what does smoing cause to antiproseaw

A

an inbalacne due to increased amounts of it

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12
Q

function of alpha 1 antiryspin

A

stops the breasdoin of eleastic proti by elastase In the lung. this prevent neurophils from damaging the lung when there is lots of infection

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13
Q

what is refersibel in copd

A

the smooth musle tone and inflmation

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14
Q

why does hypoxaemia occur in cop

A

reduced respiraty drive, loss of alelar sace, shunt

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15
Q

why do vessles constict in cop

A

due to lack of airflwo, this means that there is pulmonary hypertension in the lungs

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16
Q

core pulmonale

A

increase in the right side of the heart due to pulmonary hyperentions

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17
Q

what is a secondary effect of pulmary hpertnesion

A

polycythaemeae

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18
Q

functio of anti elasetea

A

stops proudcion of elasate which breaks donw lung in copd

19
Q

what is a primary micocoraction pathogneicty

A

it can infect anyone

20
Q

what is a opportuinst microorganism

A

it can only infected the immonsuppred

21
Q

what is a faculative microorganis

A

infect people with preexisting diseases such as asthma

22
Q

what cuases epiglottist

A

h influeza type a

23
Q

what cauases secondary epiglottitis

A

beta haemolytic streptococci

24
Q

what is the role of teh macrophage mucocilary escalator system

A

to raise up dust particels and remove them from the lungs

25
Q

what cell clears the lung of debri

A

marcophages

26
Q

what can pnumoia cause

A

loss of cytopatic effect and muscoicllary escalation and bronchial epithelium defence cells

27
Q

what is aspirating pneumoina

A

where after being sick air regurating gut comensuat enter the lung

28
Q

what are the atatomica classifcation of pneumonjia

A

bronchopneumonia, segmental and lobal

29
Q

what is hydrostaic pneumoa

A

edema at the bottom of the lungs

30
Q
A
31
Q

what are the complications of pneumonia

A

absess, bronchiectatis, organsional issues such as constivive bronchaties or cryptogenic organising pneumonia

32
Q

what is airflow in the nose

A

laminar or turbulent

33
Q

what is normal pa02

A

10.5 - 13.5 kpa

34
Q

what is noramal co2

A

4.8- 6

35
Q

what is type 1 failure

A

less than 8ka

36
Q

what is type 2 resp failure

A

greater than 6.5 kpa

37
Q

what are the 4 abnormal states associaed wit hypoxemia

A

ventilation perusion inbalane
diffusion impairment
alveolar hypoventilation
shunt

38
Q

what is ventilation perfusion mismatich

A

not enough ventation for blood in sysem

39
Q

whta is noral ventail perfusio ration

A

4litre / 5

40
Q

shunt

A

passage of blood from right side of heart to left side without contacting ventilated alveoli

41
Q

hypoxaemia

A

low conc of o2 in the blood

42
Q

what disease cuase ventilation perfusson mis match

A

bronchitis, broncholitis, bronhcopneueis, copd

43
Q

what diesase cause shunt in pneumonai

A

severe brnchopneumonia, lobar pattern with large areas of consolidation

44
Q

what diease cuase hypoventialation

A

copd, opiade poisint, perifal nerve damage

Respiratory System (28 decks)

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