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MICROBIO > MICROSCOPESHIT > Flashcards

MICROSCOPESHIT Flashcards

1
Q

a group of photosynthetic bacteria that produce oxygen.

A

algae & cyanobacteria

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2
Q

using genetically engineered microbes to decompose wastes is called what

A

bioremediation

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3
Q

these microbes serve as the starting point of many food chains

A

plankton

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4
Q

tiny marine plants are called

A

phytoplankton

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5
Q

tiny marine animals are

A

zooplankton

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6
Q

e coli bacteria lives in the intestinal tract producing what kind of vitamins

A

Vitamin K and B12

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7
Q

The use of living organisms or their derivatives to make or modify useful products or processes

A

Biotechnology

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8
Q

insulin, growth hormones, interferons and vaccines are under what type of process

A

genetic engineering

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9
Q

microbes cause 2 categories of disease:

A

Infectious and microbial intoxication

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10
Q

results when a pathogen colonizes the body and subsequently causes disease.

A

infectious disease

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11
Q

results when a person ingests a toxin poisonous substance that has been produced by a microbe.

A

microbial intoxication

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12
Q

tiny living crea-
tures, which leeuwnhoek first called

A

Animacules

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13
Q

who created single lens microscopes

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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14
Q

the wife of another of Koch’s colleagues who
suggested the use of agar as a solidifying agent.

A

Frau Hesse

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15
Q

refers to a condition in which only one type of organism is growing on a solid culture medium or in a liquid culture medium in the labora-
tory;

A

Pure culture

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16
Q

an experimental procedure to prove that a specific microbe is the cause of a specific infectious disease.

A

Koch’s Postulates

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17
Q

a term wherein a pathogen can only survive and multiply within living host cells.

A

obligate intracellular pathogens or obligate intracellular parasites

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18
Q

diseases caused not by one particular microbe, but by the combined effects of two or more different microbes.

A

synergistic infections

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19
Q

the field of ____ study the various types of algae

A

phycology

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20
Q

what is the study of fungi?

A

mycology

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21
Q

these scientist can become genetic engineers who transfer genetic material DNA from one cell type to another.

A

Virologist

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22
Q

concerned with the laboratory
diagnosis of infectious diseases of humans.

A

clinical microbiology

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23
Q

Rudolf Virchow is given credit for proposing which
of the following theories?

A

biogenesis

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24
Q

Which of the following microbes are considered obligate intracellular pathogens?

a. chlamydias, rickettsias, M. leprae, and T. pallidum
b. M. leprae and T. pallidum
c. M. tuberculosis and viruses
d. rickettsias, chlamydias, and viruses

A

a

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25
Q

The field of parasitology involves the study of which
of the following types of organisms?
a. arthropods, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses
b. arthropods, helminths, and certain protozoa
c. bacteria, fungi, and protozoa
d. bacteria, fungi, and viruses

A

b

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26
Q

Which of the following are even smaller than
viruses?
a. chlamydias
b. prions and viroids
c. rickettsias
d. cyanobacteria

A

b

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27
Q

The sizes of bacteria and
protozoa are usually expressed
in terms of

A

micrometers

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28
Q

the sizes of viruses are
expressed in

A

nanometers

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29
Q

red blood cells are about

A

7micro meter in diamater

30
Q

spherical bacterium is called

A

Coccus / cocci

31
Q

A typical rod-shaped bacterium

A

bacillus

32
Q

the sizes of cellular mi-
crobes are measured using an

A

ocular micrometer

33
Q

instruments has a limit as to what can be seen This limit is referred to as

A

resolving power / resolution

34
Q

is one of the smallest viruses that infect humans.

A

poliovirus

35
Q

defined as a microscope containing only one magnifying lens.

A

simple microscope

36
Q

is a microscope that contains more
than one magnifying lens.

A

compound microscope

37
Q

first person to
construct and use a compound
microscope

A

Hans Jansen and his
son Zacharias

38
Q

Photographs taken through the lens system of compound microscopes are called

A

photomicrographs

39
Q

It is the wavelength of visible light that limits the size of objects

A

compound light microscope

40
Q

Within the eyepiece or ocular is a lens
called the

A

ocular lens

41
Q

Total magnification of
the compound light
microscope is calculated
by:

A

multiply magnifying power of ocular lens to magnifying power of objetive being used

42
Q

The four objectives
used in most laboratory compound light microscopes are

A

x4, 10, 40 & 100

43
Q

total magnification is calculated by multiplying the magnifying power of the ocular by times?

A

(X10)

44
Q

Usually, specimens are first observed using the TIMES?

A

X10

45
Q

how much magnification must be used to study bacteria?

A

X1000

46
Q

focuses light onto the specimen, adjusts the amount of light, and shapes the cone of light entering the objective.

A

condenser

47
Q

Generally, the higher the
magnification,

A

the more light is needed

48
Q

Image clarity depends on the microscope’s which is the ability of the lens
system to distinguish between two adjacent objects.

A

Resolution/resolving power

49
Q

Additional magnifying lenses could be added to the compound light microscope, and this would increase the resolving power.

A

false

50
Q

Increasing magnification without increasing the re-
solving power is called

A

empty magnification

51
Q

objects are observed against a bright background (or “bright field”)
when using a compound light
microscope referred to as

A

brightfield microscope

52
Q

illuminated objects are seen against a dark background (or “dark field”), and the microscope has been converted into a

A

darkfield microscrope

53
Q

The etiologic (causative) agent of syphilisa spiral-shaped bacterium, named Treponema
pallidum can be seen through what microscope

A

darkfield microscope

54
Q

these are microscopes that can be used to observe unstained living microorganisms.

A

phase contrast microscopes

55
Q

contain a built-in ultraviolet (UV) light source.

A

Fluorescence microscopes

56
Q

this microscope is often used in immunology

A

Fluorescence microscopes

57
Q

this microscope uses an electron beam as a
source of illumination and magnets to focus the beam.

A

Electron microscope

58
Q

what was the first microscope to discover rabies and smallpox viruses

A

electron microscopes

59
Q

2 types of electron microscopes

A

transmission electron & scanning electron

60
Q

long column microscopy enables
scientists to study the internal structure of cells.

A

transmission electron

61
Q

has a shorter column the specimen is placed at
the bottom of the column.

A

scanning electron microscope

62
Q

microscope that has a very tall column, at the top of
which an electron gun fires a
beam of electrons downward.

A

Transmission electron

63
Q

enables scientists to observe living cells at extremely high magnification and resolution under physiological conditions.

A

Atomic force microscopy

64
Q

the scanning electron microscope, which provides
a two-dimensional image of a sample, the AFM provides
a true three-dimensional surface profile.

A

TRUE

65
Q

A millimeter is equivalent to how many nanometers?

A

1,000,000

66
Q

What is the length of an average rod-shaped bac-
terium (bacillus)?

A

0.03 MM

67
Q

Which of the following individuals is given credit
for developing the first compound microscope?

A

Hans Jansen

68
Q

How many times better is the resolution of the transmission electron microscope than the resolution of the unaided human eye?

A

1,000,000

69
Q

How many times better is the resolution of the

transmission electron microscope than the resolu-
tion of the compound light microscope?

A

1000

70
Q

The limiting factor of any compound light micro-
scope (i.e., the thing that limits its resolution to

A

wavelength of visible light

71
Q

A compound light microscope differs from a simple
microscope in that the compound light microscope
contains more than one:

A

magnifying lens

MICROBIO (27 decks)

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