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MICROBIO > PATHOGENESIS > Flashcards

PATHOGENESIS Flashcards

1
Q

(the ability to cause disease)

A

pathogenicity

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2
Q

the steps or mechanisms involved in the development of a disease).

A

pathogenesis

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3
Q

colonization by a pathogen
when a pathogen lands on or enters a person’s body and
establishes residence there

A

infection

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4
Q

4 phases in the course of an infectious disease

A

incubation period
prodromal period
period of illness
convalescent period

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5
Q

the time that elapses between
arrival of the pathogen and
the onset of symptoms

A

The incubation period

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6
Q

time during which the
patient feels “out of sorts” but is not yet experiencing
actual symptoms of the disease

A

The prodromal period

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7
Q

the time during which the
patient experiences the typical symptoms associated
with that particular disease (e.g., sore throat,
headache, sinus congestion)

A

The period of illness

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8
Q

the time during which the
patient recovers.

A

The convalescent period

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9
Q

3 types of disease (length)

A

chronic disease
subacute diseases.
acute diseases

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10
Q

a disease that has an insidious (slow) onset and lasts a long time; e

A

chronic disease

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11
Q

tuberculosis, leprosy (Hansen disease), and syphilis is what type of disease

A

chronic disease

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12
Q

a disease having a sudden
onset can develop into a long-lasting disease; come on more suddenly than a chronic disease, but less suddenly than an acute disease

A

subacute diseases.

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13
Q

some evidence of
a disease that is experienced
or perceived by the patient;
something that is subjective.

A

symptom of a disease

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14
Q

clinical disease; is a
disease in which the patient is experiencing symptoms.

A

symptomatic disease

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15
Q

subclinical disease; is a
disease that the patient is unaware of because he or she is not experiencing any symptoms

A

asymptomatic disease

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16
Q

is defined as some type of objective evidence of a disease

A

sign of a disease

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17
Q

is a disease that is lying
dormant, not currently
manifesting itself.

A

latent infections

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18
Q

Herpes virus infections, such as cold sores (fever blisters), genital herpes infections, and shingles are what type of infections

A

latent infections

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19
Q

steps in the pathogenesis of infectious disease

A

Entry
Attachment
Multiplication
Invasion
Evasion
Damage

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20
Q

(the cause of scarlet fever

A

erythrogenic toxin

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21
Q

The physical attributes or properties of pathogens that enable them to escape various host defense mechanisms and cause disease are called

A

virulence
factors

22
Q

used to describe the molecule on the surface of pathogen that is able to recognize and bind to a particular
receptor

A

adhesin
and ligand

23
Q

used to describe the
molecule on the surface of a
host cell that a particular
pathogen is able to recognize
and attach to

A

receptor and
integrin

24
Q

pathogens that must live within host cells to survive and multiply; they are referred to as

A

obligate intracellular pathogen

25
Q

are long, thin, hairlike, flexible
projections composed primarily of an array of proteins called pilin

A

Bacterial fimbriae

26
Q

are capable of
both an intracellular and extracellular existence

A

Facultative Intracellular Pathogens

27
Q

virulence factors examples

A

fimbriae
capsules
flagella
Exoenzymes
Coagulase
Hyaluronidase
Collagenase

28
Q

examples of exoenzymes

A

Lecithinase
Kinases

29
Q

they serve an antiphagocytic
function they protect encapsulated bacteria from being phagocytized by phagocytic white blood cells

A

Capsules

30
Q

enable (motile)
bacteria to invade aqueous
areas of the body that nonflagellated (nonmotile) bacteria are unable to reach

A

Flagella

31
Q

pathogens release these enzymes that enable them to evade host defense mechanisms, invade, or cause damage to body tissues.

A

exoenzymes

32
Q

this factor

  • binds to prothrombin, forming a complex called
    staphylothrombin
  • clot plasma and thereby to form a sticky coat
    of fibrin around themselves for protection
A

Coagulase

33
Q

enzymes that
lyse (dissolve) clots; therefore, pathogens that produce
kinases are able to escape from clots

A

Kinase

34
Q

enables pathogens to spread
through connective tissue by
breaking down hyaluronic acid

A

Hyaluronidase

35
Q

are enzymes that
cause damage to the host’s red blood cells

A

Hemolysins

36
Q

Substances that cause fever are known as

A

pyrogens.

37
Q

a life-threatening condition resulting from
very low blood pressure and an inadequate blood supply

A

shock

38
Q

what toxin is a component of the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria

A

Endotoxin

39
Q

are toxins that affect the gastrointestinal tract, often causing diarrhea and
sometimes vomiting

A

enterotoxins

40
Q

pathogens are
able to periodically change their surface antigens, a
phenomenon known as

A

antigenic variation

41
Q
  1. Which of the following virulence factors enable(s)
    bacteria to attach to tissues?
    a. capsules
    b. endotoxin
    c. flagella
    d. pili
A

d

42
Q

Neurotoxins are produced by:
a. Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani.
b. Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens.
c. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
d. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.

A

a

43
Q

. Which of the following pathogens produce enterotoxins?
a. Bacillus cereus and certain serotypes of Escherichia
coli
b. C. difficile and C. perfringens
c. Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp

A

d

44
Q

A bloodstream infection with __________ could result in the release of endotoxin into the bloodstream.
a. C. difficile or C. perfringens
b. Neisseria gonorrhoeae or E. coli
c. S. aureus or M. tuberculosis
d. S. aureus or S. pyogenes

A

b

45
Q

Communicable diseases are most easily transmitted
during the:
a. incubation period.
b. period of convalescence.
c. period of illness.
d. period

A

c

46
Q

Enterotoxins affect cells in the:
a. central nervous system.
b. gastrointestinal tract.
c. genitourinary tract.
d. respiratory tract.

A

b

47
Q

. Which of the following bacteria is least likely to be
the cause of septic shock?
a. E. coli
b. Haemophilus influenzae
c. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
d. Neisseria meningitidis

A

c

48
Q

Which of the following produces both a cytotoxin
and an enterotoxin?
a. C. botulinum
b. C. difficile
c. C. tetani
d. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

b

49
Q

Which of the following virulence factors enable(s)
bacteria to avoid phagocytosis by white blood cells?
a. capsule
b. cell membrane
c. cell wall
d. pili

A

a

50
Q

. Which of the following can cause toxic shock
syndrome?
a. C. difficile and C. perfringens
b. M. pneumoniae and M. tuberculosis
c. N. gonorrhoeae and E. coli
d. S. aureus and S. pyogenes

A

d

MICROBIO (27 decks)

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