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MICROBIO > CHAPTER 17 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of the skin

A

Dermatitis

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2
Q

Inflammation of a hair follicle, the sac that contains a hair shaft.

A

Folliculitis

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3
Q

Inflammation of a sebaceous gland that opens into a follicle of an eyelash.

A

Sty

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4
Q

A localized pyogenic (pus-producing) infection of the skin, usually resulting from folliculitis; also known as a boil.

A

Furuncle

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5
Q

A deep-seated pyogenic infection of the skin, usually arising from a coalescence of furuncles.

A

Carbuncle

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6
Q

surface lesion that is neither raised nor depressed, such as the lesions of measles

A

Macule

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7
Q

A surface lesion that is firm and raised, such as
the lesions of chickenpox

A

Papule

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8
Q

A blister or small fluid-filled sac, such as is
seen in chickenpox and shingles

A

Vesicle

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9
Q

A pus-filled surface lesion.

A

Pustule

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10
Q

three pathways for pathogens to enter the ear

A

eustachian (auditory) tube ; from throat & nasopharynx

external ear

via the blood or lymph

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11
Q

An infection or inflammation of the cornea the domed covering over the iris and lens.

A

Keratitis

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12
Q

infection that involves both
the cornea and conjunctiva

A

Keratoconjunctivitis

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13
Q

which respiratory tract
infections are the most
common cause of
death from infectious
diseases

A

lower

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14
Q

Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the bronchial tubes; most commonly caused
by respiratory viruses

A

Bronchitis

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15
Q

Inflammation of the epiglottis (the mouth of the windpipe); may cause respiratory obstruction,

A

Epiglottitis

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16
Q

Inflammation
of the mucous membrane
and underlying tissue commonly referred
to as sore throat

A

Pharyngitis

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17
Q

Inflammation of one or both lungs. Alveolar sacs become filled with exudate, inflammatory
cells, and fibrin

A

Pneumonia

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18
Q

causes of pneumonia

A

bacteria or viruses
fungi
protozoa.

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19
Q

cause of pharyngitis

A

S. pyogenes

Viruses

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20
Q

cause of epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus
influenzae type b (Hib).

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21
Q

cause of sinusitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

H. influenzae

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22
Q

they start when the external surface (the enamel) of a tooth is dissolved by organic acids produced by masses of microorganisms attached to the tooth (dental plaque).

A
  • Dental caries. (tooth decay/ cavities)
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23
Q

the most common
cause of tooth decay, which produces lactic acid as an
end product in the fermentation of glucose

A

S. mutans.

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24
Q

Oral diseases such as gingivitis, periodontitis,
and trench mouth are collectively known as

A

periodontal
diseases

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25
Q

microbial activities in the mouth

A
  • formation of dextran (sugar by streptopcocci
  • acid production by lactic
    acid–producing bacteria
  • deposition of calculus
  • secretion of inflammatory substances
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26
Q

frequent discharge of semisolid or fluid fecal matter. defined as diarrheal specimens as “stool specimens that conform to the shape of the container.”

A

Diarrhea

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27
Q

Frequent watery stools, accompanied by abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration. The stool specimens may contain blood or mucus.

A

Dysentery

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28
Q

Inflammation of the intestines, usually referring to the small intestine

A

Enteritis

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29
Q

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the
stomach.

A

Gastritis

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30
Q

Inflammation of the mucosal linings of the stomach and intestines

A

Gastroenteritis

31
Q

Inflammation of the liver; usually the result of viral infection, but can be caused by toxic agents

A

Hepatitis

32
Q

which uti include infections of the kidneys (nephritis or
pyelonephritis) and ureters (ureteritis).

A

Upper UTI

33
Q

WHICH UTI include infections of the urinary bladder (cystitis)

A

Lower UTI

34
Q

Inflammation of
the urinary bladder; the
most common type of UTI.

A

Cystitis

35
Q

The most common cause
of cystitis is

A

Escherichia coli.

36
Q

the most
common cause of
urethritis

A

C. trachomatis.

37
Q

term referring to inflammation of
the kidneys

A

Nephritis

38
Q

is inflammation of the renal
parenchyma.

A

Pyelonephritis

39
Q

nephritis is
preceded by

A

cystitis

40
Q

Usually caused by the spreading of infection upward
from the urinary bladder or downward from the
kidneys. ; ureters

A

Ureteritis

41
Q

Inflammation of the urethra. Pathogens are usually transmitted sexually

A

Urethritis

42
Q

the bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis, but
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, ureaplasmas, and mycoplasmas
cause what inflammation

A

Urethritis

43
Q

Most often, it is not an infectious disease in the genitoury system. If it is
caused by a pathogen, the pathogen may be a bacterium, a virus, a fungus, or a protozoan.

A

Prostatitis

44
Q

Inflammation of
the fallopian tubes; also known as salpingitis.

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

45
Q

The term sexually transmitted
disease (STD), formerly called

A

Venereal disease

46
Q

Inflamed and swollen lymph nodes

A

Lymphadenitis

47
Q

Diseased lymph nodes.

A

Lymphadenopathy

48
Q

Inflamed lymphatic vessels

A

Lymphangitis

49
Q

The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream is
known as

A

bacteremia

50
Q

often results from dental
extractions, wounds, bites, and damage to the intestinal,
respiratory, or reproductive tract mucosa

A

Transient bacteremia

51
Q

when pathogenic
organisms are capable of resisting or overwhelming the phagocytes and other body defenses this is called

A

septicemia

52
Q

A patient experiences chills,
fever, and prostration
(extreme exhaustion)
and has bacteria
and/or their toxins in
their bloodstream. what disease does he have?

A

Septicemia

53
Q

which body system does not contain indigenous microflora

A

Nervous system

54
Q

Inflammation of the brain

A

Encephalitis

55
Q

Inflammation of the brain and
spinal cord.

A

Encephalomyelitis

56
Q

Inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

A

Meningitis

57
Q

Inflammation of the brain and
meninges.

A

Meningoencephalitis

58
Q

Inflammation of the spinal cord.

A

Myelitis

59
Q

cause of meningitis

A

ingestion of poisons

ingestion or injection of drugs,

a reaction to a vaccine, or a pathogen

60
Q

(the cause of
tetanus).

A

tetanospasmin

61
Q

A yeast infection of the mouth
throat, or vagina; can become a systemic infection in
immunosuppressed individuals

A

Candidiasis

62
Q

cause eye disease that can lead to blindness

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection

63
Q

A parasitic infection that occurs in immunocompetent individuals

A

Malaria

64
Q

A protozoal infection of the
eyes and brain

A

Toxoplasmosis

65
Q

Otitis media is an inflammation or infection of the:
a. ear.
b. eye.
c. brain.
d. urinary bladder

A
66
Q

. Keratitis is an inflammation or infection of the:
a. conjunctiva.
b. cornea.
c. kidney.
d. skin.

A
67
Q

Which of the following is/are the most common
cause of pharyngitis?
a. Escherichia coli
b. Staphylococcus aureus
c. Streptococcus pyogenes
d. viruses

A
68
Q

Which of the following is the most common cause
of tooth decay?
a. S. aureus
b. Streptococcus agalactiae
c. Streptococcus mutans
d. S. pyogenes

A
69
Q

. An infection of the urinary bladder is known as:
a. cystitis.
b. pyelonephritis.
c. ureteritis.
d. urethritis

A
70
Q

The most common cause of cystitis is:
a. Candida albicans.
b. E. coli.
c. Staphylococcus epidermidis.
d. Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

A
71
Q

The most common cause of urethritis is:
a. Chlamydia trachomatis.
b. E. coli.
c. Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
d. S. aureus.

A
72
Q

. Which of the following terms means swollen lymph
glands?
a. lymphadenitis
b. lymphadenopathy
c. lymphangitis
d. lymphitis

A
73
Q

. Inflammation or infection of the brain is called:
a. encephalitis.
b. meningitis.
c. myelitis.
d. otitis externa

A
74
Q

. Which of the following is not one of the three most
common causes of bacterial meningitis?
a. E. coli
b. Haemophilus influenzae
c. Neisseria meningitidis
d. Streptococcus pneumonia

A

MICROBIO (27 decks)

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