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microbio > 13 DISEASES > Flashcards

13 DISEASES Flashcards

1
Q

a bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae that leads to inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

A

Pneumococcal meningitis

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2
Q

a gram-positive bacterium commonly found in the respiratory tract

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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3
Q

most commonly used antibiotics for Pneumococcal meningitis

A

Ceftriaxone

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4
Q

What are the common signs and symptoms of pneumococcal meningitis?

a) Abdominal pain and diarrhea
b) Muscle weakness and fatigue
c) Sudden onset fever, severe headache, and stiff neck
d) Visual disturbances and hearing loss

A

C Sudden onset fever, severe headache, and stiff neck

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5
Q

also known as varicella, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus

A

Chickenpox

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6
Q

VZV virus Incubation Period takes _____ for symptoms to appear.

A

10-21 days

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7
Q

The varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which causes chickenpox’s portal of entry is

A

the respiratory tract

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8
Q

test can be used to detect the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in samples taken from the rash or respiratory secretions.

A

polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test

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9
Q

What is the primary target of the varicella-zoster virus in the body?

A

Liver

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10
Q

Which virus causes chickenpox?

A

Influenza virus

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11
Q

Invade the keratinized part of the skin, hair, and nail (humans), wool, horn, hoof and feathers (animals)

A

DERMATOPHYTES

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12
Q

characteristic of dermatophytes

A

Microsporum - spindle

Trichophyton - pencil

Epidermophytum - club

Arthroconidia - habitant in body

Geophilic - habitant in soil

Zoophilic - habitant in animals

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13
Q

a bacterium that is a Microsporum and a Trichophyton

A

DERMATOPHYTES

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14
Q

severe illness that results from toxins which attack nerves making people have problems breathing or even lead to muscle weakness or death,

A

Botulism

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15
Q

Botulism is attributed to what bacterium

A

clostridium botulinum
clostridium butyricum clostridium baratii

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16
Q

various classifications of botulism

A

foodborne botulism,
infant botulism
wound botulism
inhalation botulism

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17
Q

The action of Botulinum toxin is largely on what part of the body or system?

A

nervous system and
peripheral nervous system.

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18
Q

when a botulinum toxin is being ingested inhaled or absorbed into the body, it gets carried by
blood to what?

A

nerve endings where it inhibits release of acetylcholine;

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19
Q

Signs and Symptoms
of Botulism

A

Muscle Weakness
Blurry Vision
Dry Mouth and Difficulty
Swallowing

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20
Q

Laboratory Test
for Botulism

A

in clinical samples, such as
serum, stool, or food.

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21
Q

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by the

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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22
Q

A Slow-growing Aerobic
Non-motile bacterium with a waxy cell wall

Acid-fast, meaning it resists decolorization by acidified organic solvents during staining procedures

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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23
Q

the primary target organ for tuberculosis infection

A

lungs

24
Q

LABORATORY TEST FOR TB

A

Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test)

Chest X-ray

25
Q

a fever characterized by systemic illness w abdominal pain and fever

A

typhoid fever

26
Q

bacterium of typhoid fever

A

Salmonella enterica Typhi (s.tYPHI

27
Q

CHARAC OF S.TYPHI

A

negative
bacillus
facultative anaerobe
flagellated

28
Q

virulence factors of s.typhi

A

Lipopolysacch
Vi capsule
Enterotoxin
cytotoxin

29
Q

POE of S.Typhi

A

Fecal route
Ingestion (through water, food
GI tract (where it attach and evade

30
Q

A symptom of dysentery, splenomegaly, abdominal distention , shock may indicate

A

Typhoid fever

31
Q

decreased level of consciousnes

A

Obtundation

32
Q

Intervention for typhoid fever

A

Vaccine
ANtibiotic therapy

33
Q

Mode of transmission for Typhoid fever

A

Flies
Fingers
Fomites
Feces

34
Q

also known as lockjaw

A

Tetanus

35
Q

Tetanus id caused by what bacterium

A

Clostridium tetani

36
Q

Tetanus affects what system leading to muscle stiffness, spasms, and potentially life-threatening complications.

A

nervous system

37
Q

a spore-forming
bacterium commonly found in soil,
dust, and animal feces

A

Clostridium tetani

38
Q

Clostridium tetani produce toxins called

A

tetanospasmin
tetanolysin

39
Q

The tetanus bacteria enter the body through breaks in the

A

skin, such as
cuts, puncture wounds, or burns

40
Q

include jaw stiffness (lockjaw), muscle stiffness and spasms, difficulty swallowing, fever, sweating, rapid heartbeat, what condition is this

A

Tetanus

41
Q

The tetanus bacteria do not exit the body
in the same way that they enter. Instead,
tetanus bacteria remain localized (TRUE/FALSE)

A

true

42
Q

a protozoal infection of the intestinal tract that occurs due to ingestion of foods or water contaminated with cysts of Entameba Histolytica

A

Amoebiasis

43
Q

a single-celled parasite (protozoan) that lives in the human intestine.

A

amoebiasis

44
Q

ntamoeba histolytica has two stages:

A

Cyst
Trophozoite

45
Q

Main Target of ameobiasis__ also known as the large intestine

A

colon

46
Q

used to directly visualize inflammation in the colon caused by Entamoeba histolytica.

A

Colonoscopy

47
Q

drug of choice for amoebiasis

A

Metronidazole
Nitazoxanide

48
Q

commonly known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory illness

A

Pertussis

49
Q

a small, aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium that causes pertussis

A

Bordetella pertussis

50
Q

Pertussis primarily affects what system? respiratory system

A

respiratory system

51
Q

stye is caused by what bacterium

A

(Staphylococcus aureus)

52
Q

an infection of the liver caused by a virus

A

Hepatitis B

53
Q

causes of hepa b

A

sexual contact; sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection equipment

54
Q

S. aureus can spread to bones and joints, causing

A

osteomyelitis

55
Q

antibiotic-resistant strains of staph aureus

A

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

microbio (27 decks)

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