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microbio > CHAPTER 13 BSAG WALAY MANGGAWAS ANI SA QUIZ > Flashcards

CHAPTER 13 BSAG WALAY MANGGAWAS ANI SA QUIZ Flashcards

1
Q

Microbes that engage in mutual or commensal
associations

A

normal (resident) flora,
indigenous flora
microbiota

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2
Q

a condition in which pathogenic microbes penetrate host defenses, enter tissues,
and multiply

A

infection

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3
Q

an infection that causes
damage or disruption to tissues and organs

A

Infectious disease

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4
Q

what are the 4 stages in infection

A

Contact
Colonization
Invasion
Infection
DIsease

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5
Q

this is when microbes adhere to exposed body surfaces

A

Contact

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6
Q

this is when Microbes cross lines of defense and enter
sterile tissues

A

Invasion

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7
Q

this is when Pathogenic microbes multiply
in the tissues

A

Infection

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8
Q

give me the adverse effects of infection

A
  • morbidity/mortality occur
  • results in injury/disruption to tissues
  • microbes are established in the tissues
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9
Q

give me beneficial effects of infection

A
  • defenses hold pathogen in check
  • colonization with microbiota
  • repair of damage
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10
Q

microbes that occupy the body for only short
periods

A

Transients

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11
Q

microbes that become established

A

Residents

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12
Q

what term is it called when bacterial flora benefit host
by preventing overgrowth
of harmful microbes

A

microbial antagonism

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13
Q

occur when normal flora is
introduced to a site that
was previously sterile

A

Endogenous infections

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14
Q

which cutaneous population is influenced by hygiene

A

transients

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15
Q

which cutaneous population is stable, predictable, less
influenced by hygiene

A

Residents

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16
Q

Most diverse and unique flora of the body

A

mouth

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17
Q

what part of body favors anaerobic bacteria

A

Flora of large intestine

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18
Q

what is the first organisms to colonize the respi tract

A

Oral streptococci,

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19
Q

Mucous membranes of
nasopharynx

A

Neisseria

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20
Q

Tonsils and lower pharynx

A

Haemophilus

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21
Q

Sites that harbor microflora for females

A

Vagina and
outer opening of urethra

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22
Q

Sites that harbor microflora for males

A

anterior urethra

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23
Q

STORCH are pathogens that infect during pregnancy, what is the meaning of storch

A
  • Syphilis,
  • Toxoplasmosis,
  • Other diseases (hepatitis
    B, AIDS and chlamydia),
    Rubella,
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Herpes simplex virus
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24
Q

Initial response of host defenses comes from

A

phagocytes

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25
Q

used to avoid phagocytosis

A

Antiphagocytic factors

26
Q

what is toxic to white blood cells

A

leukocidins,

27
Q

traits used to invade and establish
themselves in the host, also determine the degree of tissue
damage that occurs

A

Virulence factors

28
Q

dissolve extracellular barriers and penetrate through or between cells

A

Exoenzymes

29
Q

capacity to produce toxins at the site of multiplication

A

Toxigenicity

30
Q

2 Types of Bacterial Toxins:

A

Endotoxin
Exotoxin

31
Q

toxin that is not secreted but is released after the cell is damaged

A

endotoxin

32
Q

toxin molecule secreted by a living bacterial
cell into the infected tissue

A

exotoxin

33
Q

inhibits a cellular
protein to cause the
damage

A

A component

34
Q

– microbes gain a stable foothold at the portal of entry;
dependent on binding between specific molecules on host and
pathogen

A

adhesion

35
Q

Only Gram-positive bacteria can secrete exotoxins.

True

False

A

FALSE (both can)

36
Q

4 stages of clinical infection ; process

A

Incubation period
Prodromal stage
Period of invasion
Convalescent period

37
Q

vague feelings of discomfort; nonspecific complaints

A

Prodromal stage

38
Q

multiplies at high levels, becomes well-established; more specific signs and symptoms

A

Period of invasion

39
Q

as person begins to respond to the infection, symptoms decline

A

Convalescent period

40
Q

patterns of infection

A

localized
systemic
focal
Mixed
Primary
Secondary

41
Q

microbes enter the body and remains confined to a specific tissue

A

Localized infection

42
Q

infection spreads to several sites and
tissue fluids usually in the bloodstream

A

systemic infection

43
Q

when infectious agent breaks loose from a local infection and is carried to other tissues

A

Focal infection

44
Q

swollen lymph nodes

A

Lymphadenitis

45
Q

increase in white blood cells

A

Leukocytosis

46
Q

decrease in white blood cells

A

Leukopenia

47
Q

microorganisms are multiplying in the
blood and present in large numbers

A

Septicemia

48
Q

small numbers of bacteria present in blood not necessarily multiplying

A

Bacteremia

49
Q

small number of viruses present not necessarily multiplying

A

Viremia

50
Q

long-term or permanent damage to tissues or
organs

A

Sequelae

51
Q

person with a latent infection who sheds the infectious agent

A

Chronic carrier

52
Q

sources and transmission of microbes

A

Reservoir
Source

53
Q

primary habitat of pathogen in the natural world Human or animal carrier, soil, water, plants

A

Reservoir

54
Q

individual or object from which an infection is actually acquired

A

source

55
Q

living reservoirs

A

carriers
asymptomatic carrier
passive carrier

56
Q

an individual who inconspicuously shelters a
pathogen and spreads it to others;

A

Carrier

57
Q

contaminated healthcare provider picks up
pathogens and transfers them to other patients

A

Passive carrier

58
Q

If a nurse transfers a pathogen between patients
without becoming infected herself, the nurse as
acted as the

Chronic Carrier

Convalescent Carrier

Incubation Carrier

Asymptomatic Carrier

Passive Carrier

A

Passive

59
Q

A live animal (other than human) that transmits an
infectious agent from one host to another is called a

A

Vector

60
Q

actively participate in a pathogen’s life cycle

A

biological factors

61
Q

not necessary to the life cycle of an infectious agent and merely transports it without
being infected

A

Mechanical vector

62
Q

An infection indigenous to animals but naturally
transmissible to humans is a

A

zoonosis

microbio (27 decks)

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